Diplodus

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Diplodus
Diplodus annularis Minorca.jpg
Diplodus annularis
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Diplodus
Rafinesque, 1810
Type species
Sparus annularis
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms [1]

Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.

Contents

Taxonomy

Diplodus was first formally proposed as a monospecific genus in 1810 by the French naturalist and polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque with Sparus annularis as its type species by monotypy. [1] S. annularis had been described in 1758 from the Mediterranean Sea by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae . [2] This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [3] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [4] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [3]

Within the genus three clades have been identified, the first consists of D. annularis and D. bellottii, the second is made up of D. vulgaris and D. prayensis while the third splits into further clades, The first of these "sub-clades" comprises D. puntazzo and Oblada melanura , a second made up of D. fasciatus and D. cervinus sensu lato (including D. hottentotus, D. omanensis and the Mascarene endemic D. striatus) while the third consists of D, vulgaris (including D. prayensis) and the D. sargus species complex. This species complex is made up of the Western Atlantic species, D. argenteus, D. bermudensisD. caudimacula and D. holbrooki. the Red Sea endemic D. noct, the Indian Ocean D. kotschyi the eastern Mediterranean D. levantinus and the eastern Atlantic D. ascensionis, D. cadenatiD. capensis, D. helenae, D. lineatus and D. sargus. It is also thought that the D. sargus species complex originated in the Cape Verde area and radiated and speciated from there. [5]

Etymology

Diplodus means "double toothed", an allusion Rafinesque did not explain but it may be a reference to the two types of teeth, incisor-like and molar-like, or to the double incisor-like teeth. [6]

Species

Diplodus contains the following extant valid species: [7]

Characteristics

Diplodus seabreams have deep bodies with an elongated ovate shape. There are between 8 and 12 incisor-like teeth in the front of the upper jaw, the rest of the teeth are molar like. The lateral line is made up of 60, or more, scales. There is a scaled sheath at the base of the dorsal and anal fins. The flange on the preoperculum has no scales. The bodies may be marked with dark vertical bars or is plain silvery with a black blotch or spot on the caudal peduncle. [9] The largest species in the genus with maximum published total lengths of 60 cm (24 in) are D. hottentotus and D. puntazzowhile the smallest is D. ascensionis which has a maximum published total length of 22 cm (8.7 in). [7]

Distribution

Diplodus seabreams are found in the Eastern and Western Atlantic Oceans, the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Western Indian Ocean. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Pagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Pagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Western Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. They are esteemed food fishes which are targeted by commercial fisheries and are grown in aquaculture.

<i>Diplodus sargus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus sargus, the sargo, common white seabream, or white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a target species for commercial fisheries and is grown in aquaculture. D. sargussensu lato was formerly thought to be a widespread species in the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans but the taxa outside of D, sargussensu stricto are now recognised as valid species and are part of the D. sargus species complex.

<i>Archosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Diplodus vulgaris</i> Species of fish

Diplodus vulgaris, the common two-banded sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. It is an important species for fisheries and is grown in aquaculture.

<i>Rhabdosargus sarba</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Diplodus cervinus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus cervinus, the zebra sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the temperate north eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

<i>Acanthopagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Acanthopagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans.

<i>Rhabdosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Rhabdosargus is a genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the southeastern Atlantic Ocean and throughout the Indo-West Pacific, although mainly in the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Crenidens</i> Genus of fishes

Crenidens is a small genus of three species of seabream from the family Sparidae from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as monotypic, with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream Crenidens crenidens but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the type species, C. crenidens.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded seabream</span> Species of ray-finned fish

The banded seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to Cape Verde in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Diplodus prayensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus prayensis, the two-banded seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Helena white seabream</span> Species of fish

The St. Helena white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic.

<i>Diplodus hottentotus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus hottentotus, the zebra, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean off Southern Africa.

<i>Diplodus capensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.

<i>Diplodus annularis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus annularis, the annular seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the family which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.

<i>Spondyliosoma</i> Genus of fish

Spondyliosoma is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus contains two species, one, the black seabream, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the other, the steentjie seabream, from the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Rhabdosargus haffara</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus haffara, the haffara seabream or Haffara stumpnose, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.

<i>Chrysoblephus</i> Genus of fish

Chrysoblephus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. The fish in this genus are found in the western Indian Ocean and southeastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Pachymetopon</i> Genus of fishes

Pachymetopon is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. The species in this genus are endemic to Southern Africa.

<i>Diplodus argenteus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus argenteus, the silver porgy, is an ocean-going species of sparid fish (seabream/porgies). It is also called the South American silver porgy and the white bream in Uruguay, plus the silver seabream and the sargo, though the latter three names are also used for other fish species as well.

References

  1. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sparidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diplodus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  4. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  5. ↑ M. Summerer; R. Hanel; C. Sturmbauer (2005). "Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic affinities of sea breams of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae)". Journal of Fish Biology. 59 (6): 1638–1652. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00227.x.
  6. ↑ "Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Diplodus". FishBase . October 2023 version.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fricke, R., Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. (2016): Diplodus levantinus (Teleostei: Sparidae), a new species of sea bream from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea of Israel, with a checklist and a key to the species of the Diplodus sargus species group. Scientia Marina, 80 (3): 305-320.
  9. ↑ Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In Phillip C Heemstra; Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and John E Randall (eds.). Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. ISBN   978-1-990951-32-9.
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