Diplodus vulgaris

Last updated

Diplodus vulgaris
Mojarra (Diplodus vulgaris), Parque natural de la Arrabida, Portugal, 2020-07-31, DD 20.jpg
Arrábida Natural Park, Portugal
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Diplodus
Species:
D. vulgaris
Binomial name
Diplodus vulgaris
Synonyms [2]
  • Sargus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817
  • Sparus aldrovandi Nardo, 1827
  • Sargus salviani Valenciennes, 1830

Diplodus vulgaris, the common two-banded sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. It is an important species for fisheries and is grown in aquaculture.

Contents

Taxonomy

Diplodus vulgaris was first formally described in 1817 as Sparus vulgaris by the French naturalist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire with the type locality given as the Mediterranean Sea off Egypt. [3] Within the genus Diplodus this species is most closely related to D. prayensis , which replaces it in Cape Verde, and these form a clade with the D.sargus species complex. [4] The genus Diplodus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [5]

Etymology

Diplodis vulgaris has the specific name vulgaris, this means "common", an allusion not explained by Geoffroy Saint Hilaire but it may be a reference to its Arabic common name in Egypt of chargouch, meaning "sea rat". [7]

Description

Diplodus vulgaris has an oval shaped, deep, compressed body with a moderately fleshy-lipped slightly protrusible mouth. There are 8 slender brown coloured incisor-like teeth at the front of each jaw with between 3 and 5 rows of molar-like teeth in the upper jaw and between2 and 4 rows of similar teeth in the lower jaw. The molar like teeth sit behind the incisor-like teeth and extend along the sides of each jaw. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 or 12 spines and between 13 and 16 soft rays while there are 3 spines and 12 to 15 soft rays supporting the anal fin. The overall colour is grey, greenish or brownish, paler on the lower body. There is a dark band on the nape which extends to the base of the pectoral fins and to the rear edge of the gill cover, a second dark band rings the caudal peduncle immediately behind the rearmost soft rays of the dorsal and anal fins. This may be less extensive in young individuals. There is a black spot at the base of the pectoral fn. The forked caudal fin is dark, darkening towards the rear margin while the other fins are greyish, also darkening towards their margins. [8] The common two-banded seabream has a maximum published total length of 45 cm (18 in), although 22 cm (8.7 in) is more typical, with a maximum published weight of 1.3 kg (2.9 lb). [2]

Distribution and habitat

Diplodus vulgaris is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from the Canary Islands and Madeira north to the Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea. [9] In the Bay of Biscay the species has been spreading north and is now found as far north as the Channel Islands and Normandy. [10] The common two-banded seabream is an oceanodromous, euryhaline, benthopelagic fish found at depths between 0 and 160 m (0 and 525 ft), although typically found in water less than 50 m (160 ft) deep, over rocky and sandy substrates. The young fishes may be found living among seagrass beds. [2]

Elba Diplodus vulgaris Elba island.jpg
Elba

Biology

Diplodus vulgaris is carnivorous, a study of their diet in the Adriatic Sea found that the preyed on crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, fish eggs and sea urchins with the most important prey being zooplanktonic copepods and gastropods. They also found that prey preferences changed as the fish grew with smaller fish mainly feeding on zooplankton and larger fish on benthic invertebrates. [11] Another study, off southwestern Portugal, found that the common two-banded seabream preyed on brittle stars, polychaetes, amphipods and sea urchins. [12]

The common two-banded seabream is a protandric hermaphrodite. A study in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia found that the sex ratio was 1.66 females to each male. It also found that the spawning season ran from October to February, peaking in December and January. The total length at which half of the population attained sexual maturity was around 14.14 cm (5.57 in) for females and 13.57 cm (5.34 in) for males. [13] In the Aegean Sea workers found that the spawning season ran from September until March and peaked during December and that the size that 50% of the population reached sexual maturity was 18.35 cm (7.22 in) for males and 20.37 cm (8.02 in) for females. Females were found to have oocyte counts between 10,727 and 316,730, with a mean of around 73,000. [14]

The common two-banded seabream has been found to be the host of more than 50 species of parasite. [15]

Fisheries

Diplodus vulgaris is subjected to semi-industrial fishing in some parts of the Mediterranean such as Sicily, the Adriatic Sea and Egypt whereas in other areas it is mainly targeted by artisanal fisheries, as well as recreational fisheries. The species is widely available in markets across the Mediterranean and is sold fresh or frozen or salted, despite the flesh not being all that well regarded. The fish are caught in traps in the Canaries with nets and lines used throughout its range, as well as spearing. Diplodus seabreams are very important in Portugal where their combined landings are 13th in importance and 1th in commercial value. The common two-banded seabream is also a potential species for growing in aquaculture as it is euryhaline and attains maturity without the need for hormone treatments,=. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common pandora</span> Species of fish

The common pandora, also known as king of the breams, pandorared pandora or Spanish seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is an esteemed food fish.

<i>Pagrus</i> Genus of fishes

Pagrus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Western Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. They are esteemed food fishes which are targeted by commercial fisheries and are grown in aquaculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcachon Bay</span> Delta and basin in France

Arcachon Basin or alternatively Arcachon Bay is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated in Pays de Buch between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitaine. The bay covers an area of 150 square kilometres (60 sq mi) at high tide and 40 km2 (15 sq mi) at low tide. Some of its geological features are natural preservation areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spottail pinfish</span> Species of fish

The spottail pinfish is an ocean-going species of fish in the family Sparidae. It is also known as the spottail seabream or spottail pinkish porgy. Along with other members of their family, spottail pinfish are occasionally eaten and considered by some to be a panfish.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saddled seabream</span> Species of fish

The saddled seabream, also called the saddle bream or oblade, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Oblada. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is an important food fish within its range.

<i>Diplodus sargus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus sargus, the sargo, common white seabream, or white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a target species for commercial fisheries and is grown in aquaculture. D. sargussensu lato was formerly thought to be a widespread species in the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans but the taxa outside of D, sargussensu stricto are now recognised as valid species and are part of the D. sargus species complex.

<i>Diplodus</i> Genus of fishes

Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Archosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Rhabdosargus sarba</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Diplodus cervinus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus cervinus, the zebra sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the temperate north eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded seabream</span> Species of ray-finned fish

The banded seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to Cape Verde in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Diplodus prayensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus prayensis, the two-banded seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Helena white seabream</span> Species of fish

The St. Helena white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic.

<i>Diplodus hottentotus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus hottentotus, the zebra, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the Western Indian Ocean off Southern Africa.

<i>Diplodus capensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.

<i>Diplodus annularis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus annularis, the annular seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the family which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.

<i>Pagellus acarne</i> Species of fish

Pagellus acarne, the axillary seabream or Spanish seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

<i>Diplodus puntazzo</i> Species of ray-finned fish

Diplodus puntazzo, the sharpsnout seabream, sheephead bream or puntazzo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This omnivorous fish is an important species for aquaculture and fisheries, despite the flesh not being highly esteemed.

<i>Rhabdosargus haffara</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus haffara, the haffara seabream or Haffara stumpnose, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.

<i>Diplodus argenteus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus argenteus, the silver porgy, is an ocean-going species of sparid fish (seabream/porgies). It is also called the South American silver porgy and the white bream in Uruguay, plus the silver seabream and the sargo, though the latter three names are also used for other fish species as well.

References

  1. 1 2 Russell, B., Buxton; C.D., Pollard, D. & Carpenter, K.E. (2014). "Diplodus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T170261A1304171. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170261A1304171.en . Retrieved 25 January 2024.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Diplodus vulgaris". FishBase . October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diplodus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  4. ↑ M. Summerer; R. Hanel; C. Sturmbauer (2001). "Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic affinities of sea breams of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae)". Journal of Fish Biology. 59 (6): 1638–1652. Bibcode:2001JFBio..59.1638S. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00227.x.
  5. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Kent E. Carpenter (2016). "Sparidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and De Angelis, N. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic Volume 2 Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO. pp. 2567–2620. ISBN   978-92-5-109267-5.
  9. ↑ Fricke, Ronald; Golani, Daniel; Appelbaum-Golani, Brenda (2016). "Diplodus levantinus (Teleostei: Sparidae), a new species of sea bream from the southeastern Mediterranean Sea of Israel, with a checklist and a key to the species of the Diplodus sargus species group". Scientia Marina. 80 (3): 305–320. doi:10.3989/scimar.04414022B (inactive 4 January 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2025 (link)
  10. ↑ "Sea-Breams". British Marine Life Study Society. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  11. ↑ Krstulović Šifner S; Šantić M. (2023). "Diet and feeding of juvenile common two-banded sea bream, Diplodus vulgaris (Teleostei: Sparidae), in the eastern central Adriatic Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 103: e36. doi:10.1017/S0025315423000267.
  12. ↑ Jorge M. S. Gonçalves & Karim Erzini (1998). "Feeding habits of the Two-banded Seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) and the Black Seabream (Spondiolyosoma cantharus) (Sparidae) from the south-west coast of Portugal" (PDF). Cybium. 23 (3): 245–254.
  13. ↑ Hadj Taieb A; Ghorbel M; Hamida NBH; and Jarboui O. (2013). "Reproductive biology, age and growth of the two-banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 93 (5): 1415–1421. doi:10.1017/S0025315412001737.
  14. ↑ Ali Ismen; Ismail Burak Daban; Mukadder Arslan Ihsanoglu; et al. (2019). "Age, Growth and Reproductive Biology of the Common Two-Banded Seabream (Diplodus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) from the Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey". Thalassas. 35 (2): 679–688. doi:10.1007/s41208-019-00165-z.
  15. ↑ Nicolas Bailly (2008). "Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 25 January 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.