Diplodus puntazzo

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Diplodus puntazzo
Diplodus puntazzo 87357945.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Diplodus
Species:
D. puntazzo
Binomial name
Diplodus puntazzo
(Walbaum, 1792)
Synonyms [2]
  • Sparus puntazzo Walbaum, 1792
  • Charax puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792)
  • Puntazzo puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792)
  • Sargus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792)
  • Sparus puntazzo Cetti, 1777
  • Sparus acutirostris Delaroche, 1809
  • Sparus oxyrhynchus Nardo, 1827
  • Charax puntazzo var. ponticus Nordmann, 1840
  • Puntazzo annularis Bleeker, 1876

Diplodus puntazzo, the sharpsnout seabream, sheephead bream or puntazzo, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. This omnivorous fish is an important species for aquaculture and fisheries, despite the flesh not being highly esteemed.

Contents

Taxonomy

Diplodus puntazzo was first formally described as Sparus puntazzo in 1792 by the German naturalist Johann Julius Walbaum with its type locality given as Sardinia. This name was first published by Francesco Cetti in 1777 but this was considered to be a vernacular name and the binomial has been attributed to Walbaum (ex Cetti), 1792, although the name has also been attributed to Gmeilin, 1789. [3] A molecular study recovered D. puntazzo as the sister taxon to saddled seabream (Oblada melanura). [4] The genus Diplodus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae, [6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae. [5]

Etymology

Diplodus puntazzo has the specific name puntazzo which Cetti reported was the common name for this species in Sardinia. [7]

Description

Diplodus puntazzo has an oval shaped, compressed body with a slightly protrusible mouth which has moderately fleshy lips. There are 8 brown coloured incisor-like teeth in the front of both the upper and lower jaw with 3 or 4 rows of smaller molar-like teeth, although these tend to be lost in adults. The dorsal fin is supported by 11 spines and between 12 and 15 soft rays, while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 11 to 13 soft rays. The caudal fin is forked. The overall colour is silvery grey with 6 or 7 vertical bars along the upper body, these alternate between dark and light coloured bars. These bars may disappear when the fish dies.There is a dark bar on the caudal peduncle, this almost rings the peduncle, darkest in young fish.The outer margin of the caudal fin is black, the remaining finds are greyish, darkening towards their margins. There is a dark spot at the base of the pectoral fin. [8] The sharpsnout seabream has a maximum published total length of 60 cm (24 in), although 30 cm (12 in) is more typical, with a maximum published weight of 1.7 kg (3.7 lb). [2]

Distribution and habitat

Diplodus puntazzo is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean with its northern most limit in the southern Bay of Biscay off northern Spain, although it is very uncommon in this area, south to Sierra Leone. In Macaronesia it is found only in the Canary Islands and Cape Verde. It also occurs throughout the Mediterranean and southern Black Sea. Claims of the sharpsnout seabream in South Africa are misidentifications. In the Bay of Biscay this species is increasingly being recorded farther north. [1]

The sharpsnout seabream is a benthopelagic fish found in marine and brackish waters at depths down to 150 m (490 ft), although it is typically found in water of less than 60 m (200 ft) in depth. It is found over rock or sand substrates in coastal waters. Younger fish may live in brackish water, tidal pools and lagoons while the adults may occur in the surf zone. [2]

Biology

Diplosus puntazzo is omnivorous, in a study of the diet of fish caught in the Gulf of Gabes plants were found to be the largest proportion, almost 90%, of the diet with fishes and invertebrates being additional components. [9] Off Benghazi in Libya, the proportion of animals in the diet was higher than in the Gulf of Gabes study, with crustaceans and cephalopods dominating the diet, especially in smaller fish with larger fish ingesting more plant material, detritus and crustaceans. [10] Another study in the Adriatic Sea found plants slightly less dominant in the diet of sharpsnout seabream and more animal food eaten. This species has a longer digestive tract than more carnivorous sparids, likely as an aid to digesting less digestible food items such as plants, sponges and formaniferamd. [11] They have also been found to feed on the ectoparasitic copepod of the family Caligidae, suggesting that at least in young fish they behave as cleaner fish. [12] Their omnivory has been looked at as a positive feature for the use of D. puntazzo in aquaculture where, for example, they good be fed on citrus pulp silage. [13] The sharpsnot seabeam is mostly diurnal and most feeding is carried out during the day, although many fish will still move around at night. [14]

The sharpsnout seadrum is a rudimentary hermaphrodite, meaning that they have both male and female reproductive tissue, and but in some cases it can be protandrous, i.e. males change into females. [15] The spawning season runs from August or September until November or December, peaking in September or October. [16] The condition of the female gonads during spawning, with developing eggs and postovulatory tissye present at the same time suggest that this species is a batch spawner. [1] es This is a gregarious species which is encountered in schools. [2]

Utilisation

Diplodus puntazzo is fished for semi-industrially off Sicily, although elsewhere in its range it is caught mainly by artisinal fishers, as well as by recreational fishers. In Morocco the fishery is seasonal but in the Canary ISlands it is fished for throughout the year. It is caught by a variety of methods and is found as fresh or frozen fish in markets throughout the Mediterranean, except in France, despite the flesh not being highly esteemed. It is also used in the production of fish meal and oil. The aquaculture of this species is important in the Mediterranean, despite their being large gaps in knowledge about its biology. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparidae</span> Family of fishes

Sparidae is a family of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes, the seabreams and porgies, although they were traditionally classified in the order Perciformes. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the world and are demersal carnivores.

<i>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</i> Species of fish

Acanthopagrus schlegelii, the blackhead seabream, black porgy or black seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Western Pacific Ocean. The blackhead seabream is an important species in commercial fisheries, particularly in Vietnam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilt-head bream</span> Mediterranean fish

The gilt-head bream, also known as the gilthead, gilt-head seabream or silver seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the seabreams or porgies. This fish is found in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. It is a highly esteemed food fish and an important species in aquaculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red porgy</span> Species of fish

The red porgy, also known as the common seabream or Couch's bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the family Sparidae. It is found in shallow waters on either side of the Atlantic Ocean, being present on the western coast of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as well as the eastern coasts of North and South America and the Caribbean Sea. It feeds on or near the seabed and most individuals start life as females and later change sex to males.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcachon Bay</span> Delta and basin in France

Arcachon Basin or alternatively Arcachon Bay is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest coast of France, situated in Pays de Buch between the Côte d'Argent and the Côte des Landes, in the region of Aquitaine. The bay covers an area of 150 square kilometres (60 sq mi) at high tide and 40 km2 (15 sq mi) at low tide. Some of its geological features are natural preservation areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saddled seabream</span> Species of fish

The saddled seabream, also called the saddle bream or oblade, is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. It is the only species in the monospecific genus Oblada. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is an important food fish within its range.

<i>Diplodus sargus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus sargus, the sargo, common white seabream, or white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a target species for commercial fisheries and is grown in aquaculture. D. sargussensu lato was formerly thought to be a widespread species in the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans but the taxa outside of D, sargussensu stricto are now recognised as valid species and are part of the D. sargus species complex.

<i>Diplodus</i> Genus of fishes

Diplodus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. These fishes are found in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the western Indian Ocean.

<i>Archosargus</i> Genus of fishes

Archosargus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Sparidae, the sea breams and porgies. These fishes occur in the Western Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Oceans.

<i>Diplodus vulgaris</i> Species of fish

Diplodus vulgaris, the common two-banded sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. It is an important species for fisheries and is grown in aquaculture.

<i>Rhabdosargus sarba</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus sarba, also known as the goldlined seabream, silver bream, tarwhine, or yellowfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.

<i>Diplodus cervinus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus cervinus, the zebra sea bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the temperate north eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banded seabream</span> Species of ray-finned fish

The banded seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to Cape Verde in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Diplodus prayensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus prayensis, the two-banded seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is endemic to the Cape Verde Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Helena white seabream</span> Species of fish

The St. Helena white seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is endemic to the island of Saint Helena in the southern Atlantic.

<i>Diplodus capensis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus capensis, the Cape white seabream or blacktail seabream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found around the coasts of Southern Africa.

<i>Enteromyxum leei</i> Species of marine parasite

Enteromyxum leei is a species of myxozoan, histozoic parasite that infects the intestinal tract and sometimes associated organs, like gall bladder and liver, of several teleostean fish species. Myxozoans are microscopic metazoans, with an obligate parasitic life-style. The parasite stages of this species live in the paracelullar space between fish enterocytes. It is the causative agent of enteromyxosis, or emaciative disease, also known as "razor blade syndrome" in sparid fish. E. leei has a wide host and geographical range within marine fish, and even freshwater fish have been infected experimentally. E. leei initially emerged in the Mediterranean in the late 1980s and it is believed to have been unintentionally introduced into the Red Sea. Its pathogenicity and economic impact depend on the host species. In the gilt-head seabream, it is manifested as a chronic disease that provokes anorexia, delayed growth with weight loss, cachexia, reduced marketability and increased mortality. In other species, it has no clinical signs. In sharpsnout seabream, infection results in very high mortality rates, which have pushed fish farmers to abandon the culture of this fish species.

<i>Diplodus annularis</i> Species of fish

Diplodus annularis, the annular seabream is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, the family which includes the seabreams and porgies. This species is found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.

<i>Rhabdosargus haffara</i> Species of fish

Rhabdosargus haffara, the haffara seabream or Haffara stumpnose, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the northwestern Indian Ocean.

<i>Diplodus argenteus</i> Species of fish

Diplodus argenteus, the silver porgy, is an ocean-going species of sparid fish (seabream/porgies). It is also called the South American silver porgy and the white bream in Uruguay, plus the silver seabream and the sargo, though the latter three names are also used for other fish species as well.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Russell, B.; Pollard, D.; Carpenter, K.E. (2014). "Diplodus puntazzo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T170262A1304486. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170262A1304486.en . Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Diplodus puntazzo". FishBase . October 2023 version.
  3. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diplodus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  4. ↑ M. Summerer; R. Hanel; C. Sturmbauer (2001). "Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic affinities of sea breams of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae)". Journal of Fish Biology. 59 (6): 1638–1652. Bibcode:2001JFBio..59.1638S. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00227.x.
  5. 1 2 Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  6. ↑ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  7. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  8. ↑ Kent E. Carpenter (2016). "Sparidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and De Angelis, N. (eds.). The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic Volume 2 Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome: FAO. pp. 2567–2620. ISBN   978-92-5-109267-5.
  9. ↑ Chaouch H; Hamida OBA-BH; Ghorbel M; Jarboui O (2013). "Diet composition and food habits of Diplodus puntazzo (Sparidae) from the Gulf of Gabès (Central Mediterranean)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 93 (8): 2257–2264. Bibcode:2013JMBUK..93.2257C. doi:10.1017/S0025315413000805. S2CID   84080697.
  10. ↑ Hana M. Saleh and Mohammed El-Mor (2005). "Feeding Habits of the Sharp Snout Sea Bream Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti, 1777) (Teleosti:Sparidae) From Benghazi Coast, Eastern Libya". International Journal of Bioassays. 4 (5): 3860–3865.
  11. ↑ Jakov Dulčič; Lovrenc Lipej; Branko Glamuzina & Vlasta Bartulovič (2006). "Diet of Spondyliosoma cantharus and Diplodus puntazzo (Sparidae) in the Eastern Central Adriatic" (PDF). Cybium. 30 (2): 115–122.
  12. ↑ Stefano Mariani (2001). "Cleaning behaviour in Diplodus spp.: chance or choice? A hint for future investigations". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 81 (4): 715–716. Bibcode:2001JMBUK..81..715M. doi:10.1017/S0025315401004490. S2CID   87920089.
  13. ↑ Nogales-Mérida, S.; Tomás-Vidal, A.; Jover Cerdá, M.; et al. (2019). "The use of citrus pulp silage in Diplodus puntazzo nutrition". International Journal of Recycling Organic Waste in Agricultute. 8 (2): 111–118. Bibcode:2019IJROW...8..111N. doi: 10.1007/s40093-018-0235-5 .
  14. ↑ Vera LM; Madrid JA; Sánchez-Vázquez FJ (2006). "Locomotor, feeding and melatonin daily rhythms in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)". Physiology & Behavior. 88 (1–2): 167–72. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.03.031. PMID   16682061. S2CID   46010774.
  15. ↑ Manousaki, Tereza; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Lagnel, Jacques; et al. (2014). "The sex-specific transcriptome of the hermaphrodite sparid sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo )". BMC Genomics. 15: 655. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-655 . PMC   4133083 . PMID   25099474.
  16. ↑ Mehmet Aydın; Çağrı Özdemir (2021). "Age, Growth, Reproduction and Fecundity of the Sharpsnout Seabream (Diplodus puntazzo Walbaum, 1792) in the Black Sea Region". Turkish Journal of Fish and Aquatic Sciences. 22 (5): TRJFAS19462. doi: 10.4194/TRJFAS19462 .

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