Carlos Delgado Matallana Jorge Beraún Ramos Víctor de la Cruz Martínez
Elvira Ramírez Aranda Fajardo Vera Ramos
Strength
300 soldiers 300 guards
33 senderistas
Casualties and losses
9 killed
17 missing & wounded 5 executed
The Assault of Ayacucho prison was an incident in the Peruvian city of Ayacucho, also known as Huamanga, on March 2, 1982. A group of 150 armed terrorists, members of the Sendero Luminoso, or Shining Path, staged simultaneous assaults on two local police stations before staging an assault on the prison, resulting in the release of 255 inmates. After a 5-hour battle, 16 people, including two prison guards, were dead and 12 people were wounded.[1]
Though a core group of activists had formed as early as 1964 with Abimael Guzmán, Sendero Luminoso was not formally founded until 1970 as an extension of the Peru Communist Party (PCP). The group is localized in the Upper Huallaga Valley of Peru as well as in parts of the Apurímac Valley in Ayacucho, including areas of the Apurímac national park.[citation needed]
Guzmán, also referred to as Chairman or Presidente Gonzalo, believed the revolution would come about through Maoist principles.[2]
Selection of Target
In principle, an asymmetric attack never occurs in isolation; the selection of the target is the first step in the cycle of a terrorist assignment or undertaking.[citation needed]
The assault on the prison in Ayacucho was due to the selection by the leader of the Sendero Luminoso, Abimael Guzman, predominantly underground and asymmetric ideologically motivated. Gonzalo selected the target, out of many possibilities, in obedience to a defined strategy to make concrete achievements. That is why the selected target has to be paid to their propaganda purposes and the methods of approach in selecting the target, unconventional.[citation needed]
Sendero Luminoso, as a non-state actor, used several factors to achieve its objective: deception, surprise, speed, movement, and use of weapons in an unexpected way to try to substantially alter the scene of fighting breaking all the paradigms and principles of war.[citation needed]
Reason behind target selection
In this guerrilla war, important factors in determining the target included:
A significant number of their operators had been captured, including Hildebrand Huarancca Perez, Edith Lagos Carlos Alcantara, Eucario Najarro, Amilcar Urday Maximilian Urday, Isabel Sanches Cobarrubias, and Nelly Diaz Chavez.
The release of 70 detainees would be the boldest stroke of the Shining Path to demoralize the police force.
The game was a few days before a crucial meeting, the Second National Conference of the PC P-SL, which was inaugurated to celebrate the release of the first contingent of prisoners.
"Having determined the objective, we proceeded to choose the cells with qualified personnel to carry out the terrorist attack, which involved forming and much depends on the chosen action and tactics, and the importance of the primary target and secondary collateral for the implementation of diversionary maneuvers on the local security forces... "Faceless War" - Vladimiro Montesinos.
"When you want to fight us, do not allow and can not find. But when we want to fight you, make sure you can not escape and we can hit it squarely and exterminate. The enemy advances, we go back, the enemy camps, we harass the enemy tires, we attack" - Mao Zedong.
Abimael's soldiers began attacks on Ayacucho and Cangallo-Fajardo. The attack was planned as follows:
Strike two: the criminal assault by a squadron of five armed men protected by snipers, located on Wonderland Road, Abimael Guzman indicated the houses where they should locate the snipers.
Containment: other attackers would retain the officers on their premises and withdrawal: reduced to detainees by prison guards, would open the access gate and the rescue truck must reach the Garcilozo Calle de la Vega.
Actions of the Republican Guard of Peru
In March 1982, the intelligence of the Republican Guard of Peru, reported an imminent armed attack on the prison Huamanga Gagliani. The Interior Minister was informed, prepared to reinforce the jail with 20 men, and ordered measures were taken to the department head of the Republican Guard, Commander Victor de la Cruz. The staff of the intelligence director of the Republican Guard in Lima contacted the head of the Huamanga prison Rosember the south Lieutenant Herbert, who gave the voice alarm. The reinforcements arrived, but Commander Victor de la Cruz, decided to put to rest in his quarters.
The other police chiefs, Colonel Carlos Delgado Matallana Civil Guard and the colonel of the Police Department Andes Morales Vega had not received clear information about the possible attack.
Implementation
The implementation of an asymmetric attack was performed by attacking the primary and secondary targets as planned.
On February 27, the Senderistas reviewed the plans for the attack. The night of February 28, 1982, the plan failed. "Clara" and "César" criticized each other resulting in hesitation and the plan's failure. Pursuant to the provisions, prisoners rioted. The attackers were in their positions, but never got the truck to rescue the prisoners. César declared the action canceled. The riot police were called. There were three dead and two Senderistas, and Amilcar Najarro Eucario Urday were seriously injured and sent to the regional hospital Huamanga. Gonzalo's anger was forwarded to the responsible, and Gonzalo gave a final order. Guzman asked again to attack the prison Huamanga, to the amazement of the combatants.
At 19:00 hours of March 2, a group of three Senderistas dressed as policemen, convinced a truck driver to transport them. The truck driver and his assistant were held at gunpoint and restrained at the height of the reservoir of Urbanization Mariscal Cáceres by the rebels. The fighters began their tasks, and the truck was parked at the rear of the jail.
At 23:30 or so, there was a blackout in Huamanga and several explosions were heard, and subversive elements were firing at different units based in Huamanga. Strategic fighters emerged from their hiding places. They were divided strategically in the city for three simultaneous attacks of greater magnitude against the headquarters of the Guardia Civil del Peru, the head of the Investigative Police of Peru general headquarters of the Republican Guard Peru, and, again, the prison. They also attacked the homes of the Prefect of the Department and the President of the Superior Court of Ayacucho. For this action, the party met for the first time the fighters of Principal Regional Committee (CRP), Ayacucho-area-fighters led by Elvira Ramirez Aranda "comrade Clara" and Fajardo Cangallo-Oscar Vera Ramos "Comrade César." The city was protected by more than 300 police, settled in three locations. The barracks called "BIM 51, The Cabitos," housed three hundred soldiers and was four km from the prison. At the same time, the prison had a supply of 20 guards of which only 7 were in prison, and 20 other soldiers backing the republic rested at the headquarters.
The Republican Guard Florencio Arone Guillen was the first to fall, killed by snipers in the tower. Immediately, the rebels climbed with ladders and ropes down to the walls of the prison. They made their way with explosions; they placed dynamite between the gates and the wall separating one room from the other. The prisoners organized Senderistas and joined the attackers. The attack was more intense at the main entrance of the prison, which housed the largest number of Republican guards. Republican Guard Joseph Rea Count was shot. The initial shooting was followed by blasts of dynamite. They destroyed ceilings, walls, doors and windows. Republicans, decimated by the firepower of the rebels abandoned any attempt to fight, and hid in different compartments of an office. Other groups of snipers fired upon the local Civil Guard, the PIP, and the Republican Guard and more dynamite blasts occurred. At the sight of their fellow officers being injured, many officers barricaded themselves in their barracks.
Through the streets of Ayacucho, groups of Senderistas hunted down policemen, and the guard guarding the governor's house was strafed by the rebels. In less than half an hour Shining Path achieved effective control of Ayacucho. In Lima, Lopez Marines established radio contact with staff in Ayacucho; he only heard cries of despair in the communications coming from the barracks attack. López Martínez communicated with President Belaunde who would inform him of the collapse of the police and communicate the news to the Minister of War General Luis Cisneros Vizquerra Peruvian Army. Lopez received communications that the Marines were growing anxious. PIP Colonel Andres Morales Vega asked for desperate relief troops of the "Cabitos."
In the ninth commander of the Guardia Civil, the situation was hardly better. A greater number of troops had surrounded the Senderistas, and the fire was more serious than elsewhere. For more than half an hour, the police garrison could not manage to make any coordinated attack, so they remained at their facility. Colonel Delgado Matallana only managed to control the perimeter of the barracks and organize a group of sinchis, commanded by Captain Guillermo Linares Bay, head of the detachment of the 48 Command. The Sinchis in Huamanga were directed to the prison, where it was apparent that the most important trial operation was taking place.
Captain Linares Bay and the sinchis, after holding a gun battle Senderistas and pushing back the first sector attacking GC, had continued forward, until arriving near the prison. Then they were confronted by the main Senderistas. The sinchis, Linares Bay, and others were wounded, and the rest of his group was forced to withdraw. Senderistas also suffered heavy casualties in the clash. Among them, was the doctor Eduardo Mata Mendoza. The shooting with the group of Bay Linares told the Senderistas that their situation was precarious. The element of surprise, which had been paralyzing their enemies, began to fade and the operation could end in disaster. The immediate evacuation of the city was hurried so that the bodies of the terrorists killed in the clash were not collected which would go against customs.
Senderistas had released all prisoners in jail. So while the escapees were organized, and some of them boarded the van, the fight raged again.
In the rush to leave the city, the plans to release the Senderistas in the hospital were scrapped. They passed a police checkpoint and shot at the Senderistas within. They then lost their route to Huancavelica.
From the headquarters of the Republican Guard, the commander of the Cross, as he explained later, had entrusted a captain to go to the prison with reinforcements. He added that he had remained barricaded until the attack ended. However, the large windows of the barracks had suffered no broken glass, and there were no visible bullet impacts on the walls. Meaning the PIP could only have been shot on the ledge of his headquarters.
The action lasted only half an hour, and was a success. Thirty-three attackers (one hundred police report subversive) released seventy-eight Senderistas who had comrades who were Edith Lagos and Pérez Huarancca Hildebrand. Reduced to seven Republican Guard, seized their weapons and settled, released all the common criminals and Senderistas, gathered in the courtyard, raised a red flag with hammer and sickle, singing the Internationale and out the door. The means: six guns FAL, six rifles, and fifteen machine guns.
Subsequent Actions
After serving with the primary, secondary, and generating chaos, they proceed to a withdrawal and dispersed using predetermined escape routes.
Sendero made attacks on police posts in cold blood in the countryside and cities.
Replay of the Second National Conference of the SL-PCP Central Committee
They deal with issues: Evolution of the guerrilla war and criticisms of Peruvian politics from a Marxist–Leninist viewpoint and M.
In June 1982, the Ayacucho area committee performed the retransmission of the Second National Conference. Intermediate leaders, cadres and fighters, resibieron - they were retransmitted - the report of the Centra SL-PCP. He started singing The International, who started the meeting was Aurelio comrade "Self," junior minister and military command of the zonal committee of Ayacucho.
Aurelio addressed the attendees. - Partners - I say, on behalf of the Communist Party of Peru, and commissioned by the central committee, as a military commander and being in the leadership of the guerrilla zone, I start the second national conference. And I do my unconditional subjection to the leadership, the party president, Comrade Gonzalo.
It calms the applause and enters silence to listen to Comrade "Clara," which broke with his voice.
- I express my absolute subjection to the head, my total, full, full, unconditional support to the most illustrious son of the class, who masterfully led the second national conference. My subject who runs the People's War in Peru, the beacon of world revolution.
And I would add: - Full subject to my game, my full subject to our general political line, holding my full unbeaten to our conception of Marxism–Leninism and Maoism-Gonzalo thought of Comrade guide.
Clara explained the agenda. First point, retransmission. So, the summary of the second conference. Second point, a position where there would be room for two-line struggle, the Maoist method of resolving contradictions to advance through criticism and self-criticism. Clara took more than a day talking about the debates on the status of the class struggle and the balance of the Shares of the party.
Similarly, broadcast Clara Gonzalo's words about what he called four questions about power: how to conquer it, they give out how to keep it, share it with. One, the power was for the party and class, and not personal fiefdoms. Another, annihilate the forces of the enemy to keep their own. The other two reflect the inescapable need to ally with the peasants, but after settling its small political world to the authorities, the gamonalillos, the police, the informers, and the rebellious peasants. Thus the third principle was beat to move towards the base areas. And the fourth creating a base. He had destroyed all the old state representatives in the country, which would grow like a garden rose bourgeois. The People's Committees of the New Power.
The military campaign was carried out in phases designed by Gonzalo Thought: preparation, initiation, development, auction, and complement. And with five forms of struggle: armed propaganda and agitation, sabotage, selective annihilation, fighting guerrillas and armed strikes.
Consequences
The next morning, the police combined forces and killed three of the five prisoners in hospital Senderistas public Huamanga.
The combination of both actions, the attack on the prison and the execution of hospitalized hikers, gave Sendero a media victory.
The assault on the prison Huamanga forced observers to consider the PCP as a greater threat as terrorists compared to just their isolated killings.
Senderistas created an environment of insecurity in the government.
It began the entry of armed forces in the fight against subversion and the beginning of intelligence operations.
On December 27, 1982, President Fernando Belaunde Terry gave an ultimatum of 72 hours of PCP to lay down their weapons. Sendero rejected the request, and on December 30, the government put the Armed Forces in control of the Ayacucho emergency zone.
Related Research Articles
The Shining Path, self-named the Communist Party of Peru, is a far-left political party and guerrilla group in Peru, following Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and Gonzalo Thought. Academics often refer to the group as the Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path to distinguish it from other communist parties in Peru.
Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso, also known by his nom de guerreChairman Gonzalo, was a Peruvian Maoist guerrilla leader and convicted terrorist. He founded the organization Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path (PCP-SL) in 1969 and led a rebellion against the Peruvian government until his capture by authorities on 12 September 1992. He was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment for terrorism and treason.
Ayacucho, founded in 1540 as San Juan de la Frontera de Huamanga and known simply as Huamanga until 1825, is the capital city of Ayacucho Region and of Huamanga Province, Ayacucho Region, Peru.
Óscar Ramírez Durán, commonly known as Comrade Feliciano, is a Peruvian convicted terrorist and former political leader who led the Shining Path, a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist terrorist group in Peru, in the 1990s.
The Peruvian Internal Conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Maoist guerilla group Shining Path and its remnants. The conflict's main phase began on 17 May 1980 and ended in December 2000. From 1982 to 1997 the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement waged its own insurgency as a Marxist–Leninist rival to the Shining Path.
The Lucanamarca massacre was a mass murder that took place in and around the town of Lucanamarca on 3 April 1983, by Sendero Luminoso rebels. The attack, which claimed the lives of 69 members of indigenous peasant families, was carried out by a local cadre of the Shining Path in reprisal for a lynching death of its local commander.
Augusta Deyanira La Torre Carrasco, also known as Comrade Norah, was a Peruvian communist, recognized as the number two in command of Shining Path. La Torre's influence on her husband, Shining Path founder Abimael Guzmán, is credited with establishing equality for women with regard to participation within the revolutionary organization, and during its militant actions.
Comrade José is a Peruvian communist militant, leader of the Militarized Communist Party of Peru, an offshoot of the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist guerrilla Shining Path. The group is present in the VRAEM region.
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (MLM), also known as Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought, is a political philosophy that synthesizes and builds upon Marxism–Leninism and the thought of Mao Zedong. Marxism–Leninism–Maoism was first formalized by the Shining Path in 1982.
The blood quota is a concept developed by Abimael Guzmán, leader of the Shining Path, through which a communist militant must sacrifice their life for the world proletarian revolution. As part of the blood quota communist militants willfully promoted hatred and violence to attract adherents, instrumentalizing the masses in their favor and tolerating cruelty against their opponents to gain obedience, viewing violence as a necessary element on the path to communism and death as a heroic act. As such, it formed a core tenet of Gonzalo Thought.
Gonzalo Thought, also known as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought and Gonzaloism, is an ideological doctrine developed by Peruvian revolutionary Abimael Guzmán as an interpretation of Peruvian reality based on Marxism–Leninism–Maoism.
The Militarized Communist Party of Peru is a political party and militant group in Peru that follows Marxism–Leninism–Maoism and participates in the communist insurgency in Peru. It is considered a terrorist organization by the government of Peru. The MPCP operates primarily in the VRAEM area and is involved in the area's coca production. Comrade José has been the leader of the MPCP since its official creation in 2018 after its final split from the declining Shining Path guerilla group.
The Sinchis, also known as the Sinchis de Mazamari after their training location, are a paratrooping unit of the National Police of Peru specialized in counterinsurgency and anti-narcotics operations.
The history of Peru between 1980 and 2000 corresponds to the period following the general elections that put an end to the twelve-year military dictatorship that ruled the country since 1968, with Fernando Belaúnde taking office in 1980. The following decade became known as the "lost decade" after the economic stagnation the country experienced, followed by hyperinflation at the end of the decade.
Deng Xiaoping's dogs is a term used by modern Peruvian historiography to refer to a case of animal abuse perpetrated in Lima by Shining Path, a Maoist terror group, in response to Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping's unorthodox opening economic reform, distancing himself from the thoughts of Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China.
Antonio Díaz Martínez was a Peruvian agronomist, anthropologist, and Maoist revolutionary, considered a terrorist by the Peruvian government.
The Shining Trenches of Combat were Peruvian militant groups organized by the communist Shining Path and purposed to form support bases in prisons that held arrested PCP-SL combatants. Although significantly disruptive to the penal infrastructure, the Shining Trenches ultimately collapsed from government intervention and the general decline in the Shining Path.
On December 6, 1988, Juan Carlos Vega Llona was assassinated one block away from the Peruvian embassy in the district of Cotahuma, La Paz, Bolivia, by armed members of the fictitious "Revolutionary Workers Movement", created in name by Shining Path, a Peruvian terrorist organisation. The murder of the embassy's naval attaché was carried out in reprisal for the Peruvian prison massacres that took place two years prior.
DIRCOTE Museum is a museum located in the premises of the National Directorate against Terrorism (DIRCOTE) on Spain Avenue in the historic centre of Lima, managed by the National Police of Peru and which exhibits objects seized from the Shining Path and Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) terrorist groups during the internal armed conflict that devastated Peru during the 1980s and 1990s.
The Shining Path remnants are factions derived from the armed group that split off after the peace agreement between the imprisoned Abimael Guzmán and the Peruvian State in 1993. These include the Sendero Luminoso del Alto Huallaga (disbanded), the Mantaro Rojo Base Committee and the Militarized Communist Party of Peru.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Republican Guard 
Shining Path 
