Atrophacanthus

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Atrophacanthus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Triacanthodidae
Subfamily: Triacanthodinae
Genus: Atrophacanthus
Fraser-Brunner, 1950
Species:
A. japonicus
Binomial name
Atrophacanthus japonicus
(Kamohara, 1941)
Synonyms
  • Tydemania japonica Kamohara, 1941
  • Atrophacanthus danae Fraser-Brunner 1950

Atrophacanthus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The only species in the genus is Atrophacanthus japonicus, the upward-mouth spikefish, which is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

Contents

Taxonomy

Atrophacanthus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1950 by the British ichthyologist Alec Fraser-Brunner when he described Atrophacanthus danae, its type species by monotypy. [1] Fraser-Brenner's A. danae had its type locality given as the Sulawesi Sea. A. danae was subsequently shown to be a synonym of Tydemania japonica which had been described in 1941 by the Japanese ichthyologist Toshiji Kamohara with its type locality given as Shikoku in the Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. [2] This taxon is classified within the subfamily Triacanthodinae of the spikefish family Triacanthodidae, within the suborder Triacanthoidei of the order Tetraodontiformes in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World . [3] Within the subfamily Triacanthodinae this taxon is the sister taxon of Macrorhamphosodes . [4]

Etymology

Atrophacanthus combines atrophia, meaning "rudimentary", and acanthus, which means "thorn" or "spine", an allusion to the poorly developed rearmost 3 spines in the dorsal fin. The specific name Japonicus refers to the type locality of Tydemania japonica. [5]

Description

Atrophacanthus has the first three spines in the dorsalfin are well developed and clearly exposed, the fourth spine is clearly shorter than the first three but is still visible above the skin but the fifth and sixth spines very poorly developed and either just protrude on the surface of the skin or so not protrude at all. The first spine is rather short, not extending far beyond the fourth spine when folded down. There are 13 or 14 soft rays in the dorsal fin and between 11 and 13 in the anal fin. The short conical teeth are arranged in a single row on each jaw with between 19 and 23 teeth in upper jaw and 22–27 in the lower jaw. the dorsal profile of the head is neiter convex or concave. The mouth is at the end of the short snout. The gill opening is relatively long, typically reaching down to around one-half to four-fifths of the base of the pectoral fin. [4] This species has a maximum published standard length of 4.4 cm (1.7 in). [6]

Distribution and habitat

Atrophacanthus is found in the Indo-West Pacific region where it has been recorded from Japan, the Philippines, Sulawesi Sea, off Tanzania, and probably from South Africa, [6] with records as far east as the Mariana Islands. [4] This is a bathypelagic zone and benthic fish found at depths between 300 and 2,000 m (980 and 6,560 ft). [6]

Biology

Atrophacanthus is carnivorous and the stomach contents of two juveniles collected near Guam consisted of formanifera and thecosome pteropods. Only large juveniles have been collected in deeper waters while the few adult specimens have been collected from shallower depths continental shelf and slope, suggesting a long period of pelagic larval development before the larger adults settle. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spikefish</span> Family of fishes

The spikefishes are ray-finned fishes related to the pufferfishes and triggerfishes. They live in deep waters; more than 50 m (160 ft), but above the continental shelves. They are found in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and the west-central Pacific.

<i>Caprichthys</i> Monospecific genus of fish

Caprichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Aracanidae, the deepwater boxfishes or temperate boxfishes. The only species in the genus is the rigid boxfish, also known as the black-spotted boxfish or ornate pigmy boxfish which is endemic to southwestern Australia.

<i>Pseudotriacanthus</i> Genus of fishes

Pseudotriacanthus is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. The only species in this genus is Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer, the longspined tripodfish. This taxon is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

Trixiphichthys, is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthidae, the triplespines or tripodfishes. The only species in this genus is Trixiphichthys weberi, the blacktip tripodfish or longnosed tripodfish. This taxon is found in the Indo-West Pacific region.

Bathyphylax is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Halimochirurgus</i> Genus of fishes

Halimochirurgus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Hollardia</i> Genus of fishes

Hollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean with one species being found in the Pacific Ocean.

Johnsonina is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The only species in the genus is Johnsonina eriomma, the bullseye spikefish, which is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Macrorhamphosodes</i> Genus of fishes

Macrorhamphosodes, the trumpetsnouts, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. The fishes in this genus are found in the deep waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Mephisto fraserbrunneri, the devil's spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indian Ocean.

Mephisto is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean.

<i>Parahollardia</i> Genus of fishes

Parahollardia is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These demersal fishes are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<i>Paratriacanthodes</i> Genus of fishes

Paratriacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Triacanthodes</i> Genus of fishes

Triacanthodes is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. These fishes are found found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Tydemania navigatoris, the fleshy-lipped spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans where it occurs at depths of from 50 to 607 metres. This species grows to a length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) SL. This fish is specialized to feed on the scales of other fishes. This species is the only known member of the genus Tydemania.

<i>Triacanthodes ethiops</i> Species of fish

Triacanthodes ethiops, the shortsnout spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<i>Paratriacanthodes retrospinis</i> Species of fish

Paratriacanthodes retrospinis, the sawspine spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Triacanthodes anomalus</i> Species of fish

Triacanthodes anomalus, the red spikefish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This species is found in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triacanthoidei</span> Suborder of fishes

Triacanthoidei is a suborder of ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, which includes the pufferfishes, triggerfishes and related taxa. These benthic fishes are mainly found in the Indian Ocean with some of the spikefishes found in the Western Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triacanthodinae</span> Subfamily of fish

Triacanthodinae is a subfamily of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triacanthodidae, the spikefishes. This subfamily comprises nine genera and a total of nineteen species and all, except one species, are found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. The exception is found in the western Atlantic Ocean.

References

  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Triacanthodidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Atrophacanthus". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  3. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 518–526. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bemis KE; Tyler JC; Arcila D. (2019). "Life history, distribution and molecular phylogenetics of the Upward-Mouth Spikefish Atrophacanthus japonicus (Teleostei: Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae)". Journal of Fish Biology. 94 (4): 578–584. Bibcode:2019JFBio..94..578B. doi:10.1111/jfb.13923. PMID   30734929.
  5. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (21 August 2024). "Order TETRAODONTIFORMES: Families TRIODONTIDAE, TRIACANTHIDAE, TRIACANTHODIDAE, DIODONTIDAE and TETRAODONTIDAE". Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Atrophacanthus japonicus". FishBase . June 2024 version.
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