Austrian legislative election, 2013

Austrian legislative election, 2013
All 183 seats in the National Council ; 92 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	4,782,410 (74.91%) [1]
	Largest party by state (left) and district (right)
Chancellor before election; Werner Faymann ; SPÖ	Elected Chancellor; Werner Faymann ; SPÖ

Last updated March 12, 2019

Legislative elections were held in Austria on 29 September 2013.^[2]

Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in Central Europe comprising 9 federated states. Its capital, largest city and one of nine states is Vienna. Austria has an area of 83,879 km² (32,386 sq mi), a population of nearly 9 million people and a nominal GDP of $477 billion. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 m (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 m (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speaks local Bavarian dialects as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other regional languages are Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene.

Overview
Qualified parties and lists
Parties and lists represented in the National Council
Parties and lists that contested the election in all states[5]
Other parties and lists that contested the election only in the following states
Campaign
Opinion polling
Recent opinion polls
Older opinion polls
Results
Results by state
Government formation
See also
References
External links

For this election, the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) and Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) had proposed a reduction in the number of MPs from 183 to 165 as part of austerity measures, but despite overwhelming support from the Austrian populace,^[3] the proposals failed to pass in parliament.^[4]

The Social Democratic Party of Austria is a social-democratic political party in Austria and alongside with the People's Party one of the country's two traditional major parties.

The Austrian People's Party is a Christian-democratic and conservative political party in Austria. A successor to the Christian Social Party of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was founded immediately following the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria in 1945 and since then has been one of the two largest Austrian political parties with the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). In federal governance, the ÖVP has spent most of the postwar era in a grand coalition with the SPÖ. Most recently, it has been junior partner in a coalition government with the SPÖ since 2007. However, the ÖVP won the 2017 election, having the greatest number of seats and formed a coalition with the national-conservative Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Its chairman Sebastian Kurz is the youngest Chancellor in Austrian history.

Overview

The government is a grand coalition between Austria's two largest parties, the SPÖ and ÖVP, who rule with the SPÖ's Werner Faymann as Chancellor. Support for both governing parties has fallen marginally since the 2008 election. The Freedom Party (FPÖ) and Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) made significant gains in the previous election, but while the FPÖ gained support after the 2008 election, the BZÖ shrank after the death of its founder Jörg Haider and taking a turn toward liberalism. Additionally, nine of the BZÖ's 21 elected members to the National Council changed their party affiliation during the term: five members joined the Team Stronach, while four joined the FPÖ. Team Stronach, funded by Austrian-Canadian businessman Frank Stronach, has emerged as an anti-euro alternative and eventually started to hurt the FPÖ's standing in the polls. The Greens have solidified their position as the fourth-largest party in opinion polls.^{[ citation needed ]}

A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political parties of opposing political ideologies unite in a coalition government. The term is most commonly used in countries where there are two dominant parties with different ideological orientations, and a number of smaller parties that have passed the election threshold to secure representation in the parliament. The two large parties will each try to secure enough seats in any election to have a majority government alone, and if this fails each will attempt to form a coalition with smaller parties that have a similar ideological orientation. Because the two large parties will tend to differ on major ideological issues, and portray themselves as rivals, or even sometimes enemies, they will usually find it more difficult to agree on a common direction for a combined government with each other than with smaller parties.

Werner Faymann is a former Austrian politician who was Chancellor of Austria and chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) from 2008 to 2016. On 9 May 2016, Faymann resigned from both positions amid widening criticism within his party.

The Chancellor of Austria is the head of government of the Austrian Republic. The chancellor chairs and leads the government, which is composed of him, the vice-chancellor and the ministers. Together with the president, who is head of state, the government forms the country's executive leadership.

Qualified parties and lists

Parties and lists represented in the National Council

The Freedom Party of Austria is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Austria. The party, led by Heinz-Christian Strache, is a member of the Europe of Nations and Freedom group in the European Parliament, as well as of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom.

The Alliance for the Future of Austria is a right-wing populist and national conservative political party in Austria.

The Greens – The Green Alternative is a political party in Austria.

Parties and lists that contested the election in all states^[5]

NEOS – The New Austria (NEOS - Das Neue Österreich)
Communist Party of Austria
Pirate Party of Austria

The Communist Party of Austria is a communist party in Austria. Established in 1918 as the Communist Party of German-Austria (KPDÖ), it is one of the world's oldest Communist parties. The KPÖ was banned between 1933 and 1945 under both the Austrofascist regime and the Nazi German control of Austria after the 1938 Anschluss. It played an important role in the Austrian resistance against the Nazis.

The Pirate Party of Austria is a political party in Austria and part of the global Pirate Party movement which fights for freedom of information and the protection of privacy.

Other parties and lists that contested the election only in the following states

Christian Party of Austria - in Upper Austria, Styria, Vorarlberg and Burgenland
The Change (Der Wandel) - in Vienna and Upper Austria
Socialist Left Party - in Vienna
EU Exit Party (EU-Austrittspartei) - in Vorarlberg
Men's Party of Austria (Männerpartei Österreichs) - in Vorarlberg

The Christian Party of Austria is a minor political party in Austria, founded on October 15, 2005.

The Socialist Left Party is a Trotskyist political party in Austria. It is a member of the Committee for a Workers' International. The party originated in the 1980s, when the forerunner "Sozialistische Offensive Vorwärts" emerged from the far-left wing of the Socialist Youth of Austria. It later transformed itself during the protests against the participation of the FPÖ in the Austrian government in 2000 into the current SLP, forming itself as a party at a conference on January 30, 2000. In 2002, it ran in federal elections for the Nationalrat; however, it was unable to win a seat.

The EU Exit Party for Austria is a political party in Austria founded on 15 September 2011. It contested the 2013 legislative election, but only appeared on the ballot in Vorarlberg. It failed to pass the electoral threshold of 4%. Its party programme is oriented on syncretic politics and centered mainly on the demand to withdraw from the European Union and the establishment of direct democracy. For the EU election 2014, together with the Neutral Free Austria Federation which has very similar aims, the party has formed an electoral platform called EU-STOP. In the Viennese elections 2015, the NFAF formed another electoral alliance with the EU Exit Party. In the legislative election 2017 the EU Exit Party participates in the Vienna state.

Campaign

Issues included corruption scandals across the main parties^{[ which? ]} and Austria's relative financial stability facing a probable crisis.^[6]

Opinion polling

Recent opinion polls

Agency/Source	Date	SPÖ	ÖVP	FPÖ	Greens	Stronach	BZÖ	NEOS	Pirates	KPÖ	Others
Gallup/Neos.eu	2013-09-23	27%	23%	21%	14%	6%	3%	4%	1%	1%	-
OGM/Kurier	2013-09-21	27%	22%	21%	14%	6%	4%	4%	1%	1%	-
Market/Der Standard	2013-09-20	26%	23%	19%	15%	7%	4%	3%	1%	1%	1%
Gallup/Österreich	2013-09-20	27%	23%	20%	14%	7%	2.5%	3.5%	1%	1%	1%
Karmasin/Heute	2013-09-20	27%	23%	21%	14%	7%	2%	3%	1.5%	1.5%	-
Hajek/ATV	2013-09-19	27%	23%	20%	15%	7%	3%	3%	1%	1%	1%
Meinunungsraum/Neos.eu	2013-09-19	28%	24%	19%	15%	7%	2%	4%	-	-	1%
Market/Standard	2013-09-15	26%	22%	20%	15%	9%	3%	2%	1%	1%	1%
Spectra/Oberösterreichische Nachrichten	2013-09-14	26%	23%	20%	13%	9%	4%	1.5%	-	-	3.5%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-09-14	28%	25%	20%	15%	6%	2%	3%	-	-	1%
Gallup/Österreich	2013-09-13	28%	25%	20%	15%	7%	1%	3%	1%	-	-
Gallup/Österreich	2013-09-06	28%	24%	19%	15%	8%	2%	2%	1%	1%	-
OGM/Kurier	2013-08-31	27%	24%	20%	15%	7%	3%	2%	1%	-	1%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-08-31	28%	24%	20%	15%	7%	2%	1%	-	-	3%
Market/Standard	2013-08-30	26%	22%	19%	16%	9%	3%	2%	1%	1%	1%
Gallup/Österreich	2013-08-30	28%	23%	19%	15%	9%	2%	2%	1%	1%	-
Meinungsraum/NEWS	2013-08-29	27%	24%	19%	14%	8%	2%	3%	2%	-	1%
Spectra/Vorarlberger Nachrichten	2013-08-24	27%	25%	19%	14%	7%	3%	-	-	-	5%
Gallup/Österreich	2013-08-23	28%	24%	18%	15%	9%	2%	2%	1%	1%	-
Karmasin/Heute	2013-08-23	28%	25%	20%	15%	7%	1%	2%	1%	1%	-
Market/Standard	2013-08-15	26%	24%	18%	15%	9%	3%	2%	1%	1%	1%
IMAS/Kronen Zeitung	2013-08-10	27%	25%	20%	13%	9%	3%	-	-	-	3%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-08-10	28%	25%	18%	16%	7%	3%	-	-	-	3%
Gallup/Österreich	2013-08-09	28%	25%	17%	16%	8%	2%	2%	1%	1%	-
Meinungsraum/Neos.eu	2013-08-08	26%	24%	20%	13%	9%	2%	3%	2%	1%	-

Older opinion polls

Agency/Source	Date	SPÖ	ÖVP	FPÖ	BZÖ	Greens	KPÖ	Pirates	Stronach	Others
Karmasin/Profil	2012-03-10	29%	24%	26%	3%	13%	-	-	-	5%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-03-11	29%	25%	27%	3%	13%	-	-	-	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-03-24	28%	23%	28%	3%	14%	-	-	-	4%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-04-05	29%	23%	27%	2%	13%	-	-	-	6%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-04-22	27%	22%	28%	3%	14%	-	6%	-	-
Karmasin/Heute	2012-04-23	27%	23%	27%	3%	13%	-	-	-	7%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-05-12	26%	21%	27%	3%	13%	-	7%	-	3%
Market/Standard	2012-05-19	29%	22%	27%	5%	14%	-	-	-	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-05-26	27%	22%	26%	3%	14%	-	5%	-	3%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-06-02	30%	25%	24%	3%	12%	-	-	-	6%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-06-09	28%	23%	24%	3%	14%	-	6%	-	2%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-06-16	28%	24%	23%	2%	12%	-	7%	-	4%
OGM/Kurier	2012-06-16	29%	25%	25%	3%	14%	-	-	-	4%
Market/Standard	2012-06-24	28%	23%	27%	5%	14%	-	-	-	3%
Peter Hajek/ATV	2012-06-29	30%	25%	25%	5%	12%	-	-	-	3%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-06-30	29%	23%	24%	4%	13%	-	-	-	7%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-06-30	28%	23%	24%	3%	12%	-	7%	-	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-07-08	28%	22%	23%	3%	12%	-	5%	4%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-07-21	28%	21%	23%	2%	12%	-	5%	6%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-08-04	29%	21%	21%	2%	12%	-	6%	6%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-08-18	28%	21%	20%	3%	14%	-	4%	8%	2%
Market/Standard	2012-08-19	30%	23%	21%	4%	16%	-	-	-	6%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-08-25	29%	23%	21%	2%	14%	-	-	7%	4%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-08-26	29%	22%	20%	2%	14%	-	3%	9%	1%
Market/Standard	2012-08-31	30%	24%	21%	3%	15%	-	-	-	7%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-09-01	28%	21%	20%	3%	14%	-	2%	10%	2%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-09-10	28%	23%	20%	2%	13%	-	2%	10%	2%
OGM/Kurier	2012-09-16	28%	23%	23%	3%	12%	-	-	6%	5%
Market/Standard	2012-09-20	29%	23%	21%	4%	16%	-	-	6%	5%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-09-23	27%	23%	21%	2%	14%	-	3%	9%	1%
meinungsraum.at	2012-09-26	27%	19%	21%	3%	15%	-	3%	9%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-09-28	26%	23%	20%	2%	14%	-	2%	12%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2012-10-06	26%	22%	21%	2%	14%	-	2%	12%	-
Market/Standard	2012-10-10	28%	22%	20%	2%	16%	-	-	10%	2%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-10-19	25%	23%	22%	2%	15%	-	-	10%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2012-10-21	25%	22%	22%	2%	15%	-	2%	11%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2012-10-27	25%	22%	22%	2%	15%	-	-	11%	-
Market/Standard	2012-10-28	27%	23%	22%	1%	15%	-	-	10%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2012-11-11	26%	23%	21%	2%	14%	-	2%	11%	-
Karmasin/Profil	2012-11-17	27%	24%	21%	2%	13%	-	-	10%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2012-11-24	27%	22%	21%	1%	15%	-	2%	10%	-
Karmasin/Profil	2012-11-30	27%	22%	22%	-	14%	1%	-	8%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-12-01	27%	23%	19%	1%	13%	4%	1%	11%	2%
Karmasin/Profil	2012-12-18	28%	24%	21%	1%	13%	-	-	2%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-12-19	27%	23%	20%	1%	14%	-	1%	11%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2012-12-30	27%	23%	21%	1%	14%	-	1%	10%	3%
Market/Standard	2013-01-02	27%	24%	23%	2%	14%	1%	1%	7%	1%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-01-13	28%	23%	20%	1%	14%	2%	1%	10%	1%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-01-26	27%	25%	21%	1%	13%	2%	1%	9%	1%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-02-09	27%	25%	21%	1%	14%	2%	1%	8%	1%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-02-19	28%	25%	21%	1%	14%	1%	1%	8%	2%
Karmasin/Heute	2013-02-22	27%	24%	23%	3%	12%	1%	-	10%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2013-02-24	27%	25%	22%	2%	13%	1%	-	9%	1%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-03-07	28%	25%	20%	2%	13%	1%	-	10%	1%
Market/Standard	2013-03-15	26%	24%	20%	2%	14%	1%	-	9%	3%
Market/Standard	2013-04-01	26%	24%	19%	4%	14%	-	-	10%	3%
Karmasin/Heute	2013-04-05	27%	24%	19%	2%	14%	2%	1%	9%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2013-04-07	27%	25%	19%	1%	14%	1%	1%	9%	-
Karmasin/Profil	2013-04-20	28%	25%	19%	1%	13%	-	-	10%	-
Gallup/Ö24	2013-04-20	27%	24%	19%	2%	13%	1%	1%	10%	-
Karmasin/Heute ^{[ dead link ]}	2013-05-03	28%	24%	19%	2%	14%	1%	1%	8%	3%
Market/Standard	2013-05-10	25%	24%	19%	2%	16%	-	2%	10%	2%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-05-16	26%	25%	18%	2%	16%	-	-	10%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-05-29	27%	25%	18%	2%	15%	1%	1%	9%	2%
Karmasin/Heute	2013-06-01	27%	25%	18%	1%	16%	-	-	10%	3%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-06-14	28%	25%	18%	2%	14%	1%	1%	9%	2%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-06-15	27%	24%	18%	2%	15%	-	-	8%	6%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-07-28	27%	25%	18%	15%	8%	2%	-	1%	-	4%
Karmasin/Heute	2013-07-26	27%	25%	19%	14%	9%	2%	2%	1%	1%	-
IMAS/Krone	2013-07-21	27%	25%	19%	13%	10%	2.5%	-	-	-	3.5%
Spectra/OÖN	2013-07-20	27%	24%	18%	14%	10%	2%	-	-	-	5%
Market/Standard	2013-07-19	25%	24%	19%	15%	9%	3%	-	-	-	5%
Gallup/Ö24	2013-07-13	27%	24%	18%	15%	8%	2%	-	2%	-	3%
Karmasin/Profil	2013-07-13	28%	25%	18%	15%	7%	3%	-	-	-	4%
Market/Standard	2013-07-07	26%	24%	19%	16%	8%	2%	-	2%	1%	2%
OGM/Kurier	2013-07-07	27%	24%	19%	15%	8%	3%	-	-	-	4%

Results

Party		Votes	+/−	%	+/−	Seats	+/−

	Social Democratic Party of Austria	1,258,605	−171,601	26.82	−2.44	52	−5
	Austrian People's Party	1,125,876	−143,780	23.99	−1.99	47	−4
	Freedom Party of Austria	962,313	+105,284	20.51	+2.97	40	+6
	The Greens – The Green Alternative	582,657	+72,721	12.42	+1.99	24	+4
	Team Stronach	268,679	New	5.73	New	11	New
	NEOS – The New Austria	232,946	New	4.96	New	9	New
	Alliance for the Future of Austria	165,746	–357,187	3.53	–7.17	0	–21
	Communist Party of Austria	48,175	+10,813	1.03	+0.27	0	0
	Pirate Party of Austria	36,265	New	0.77	New	0	New
	Christian Party of Austria	6,647	–24,433	0.14	–0.50	0	0
	The Change	3,051	New	0.07	New	0	New
	Socialist Left Party	947	New	0.02	New	0	New
	EU Exit Party	510	New	0.01	New	0	New
	Men's Party	490	New	0.01	New	0	New
Invalid/blank votes		89,503	–14,140	—	—	—	—
Total		4,782,410	–208,542	100.0	—	183	0
Registered voters/turnout		6,384,308	+51,199	74.91	–3.90	—	—
Source: Austrian Interior Ministry

Popular vote

SPÖ			26.82%
ÖVP			23.99%
FPÖ			20.51%
GRÜNE			12.42%
STRONACH			5.73%
NEOS			4.96%
BZÖ			3.53%
KPÖ			1.03%
PPÖ			0.77%
Other			0.25%

Parliamentary seats

SPÖ			28.42%
ÖVP			25.68%
FPÖ			21.86%
GRÜNE			13.11%
STRONACH			6.01%
NEOS			4.92%

Results by state

State results in %	SPÖ	ÖVP	FPÖ	Greens	TS	NEOS	BZÖ	KPÖ	others
Burgenland	37.3	26.8	17.4	6.8	5.9	2.8	2.0	0.5	0.7
Carinthia	32.4	15.2	17.9	11.8	6.9	3.7	10.8	0.6	0.7
Lower Austria	27.6	30.6	18.8	9.6	4.7	4.5	2.7	0.8	0.7
Upper Austria	27.2	25.4	21.4	12.2	4.8	3.4	3.5	0.7	1.4
Salzburg	23.0	26.7	21.2	14.8	5.2	4.6	3.2	0.6	0.7
Styria	23.8	20.9	24.0	10.6	10.0	3.9	3.9	1.8	1.1
Tyrol	18.3	32.3	19.4	15.2	5.6	4.9	3.0	0.7	0.7
Vorarlberg	13.1	26.3	20.2	17.0	5.3	13.1	2.4	0.5	2.0
Vienna	31.6	14.5	20.6	16.4	3.9	7.6	2.4	1.7	1.3
Austria	26.8	24.0	20.5	12.4	5.7	5.0	3.5	1.0	1.0
Source: Nationalratswahl 2013, Austrian Ministry of the Interior

The losses for the government parties (both the SPÖ and the ÖVP had the worst election result in history) resulted in strong gains for the far right, the election was seen as strong for the far-right and in support of Eurosceptics.

Especially in Carinthia, the Freedom Party (FPÖ) benefited most from the BZÖ's weakness since Jörg Haider's death in autumn 2008: the FPÖ's share of the vote rose from 7.6% to 17.9%, and they became the second strongest party in the state. In contrast, the state's former leading party BZÖ came fifth, with their share falling from 38.5% to 10.8%, while the SPÖ came first in Carinthia with 32.4%.

However, in Styria the FPÖ came first with 24.0%; the SPÖ were second with 23.8%.

In the other states no major changes of the leading party occurred.

Government formation

The "grand coalition" of SPÖ and ÖVP retained their majority.^[7] While the SPÖ were keen to renew the coalition, the ÖVP also considered the possibility of a coalition with the FPÖ and another smaller party.^[8] On October 14, the SPÖ and the ÖVP agreed to start coalition talks with each other,^[9] and on December 16, the second Faymann cabinet was formed by the SPÖ and the ÖVP.

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The Freedom Party in Carinthia was a political party in Austria, operating in the federal state of Carinthia.

This article covers the formation of the Faymann cabinet following the 2008 parliamentary election in Austria.

The Team Stronach, full name Team Stronach for Austria, was a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist political party in Austria founded by and named after Austrian-Canadian businessman Frank Stronach. It was dissolved in August 2017.

A legislative snap election for the National Council in Austria was held on 28 September 2008. The previous election was held on 1 October 2006. The election was caused by the withdrawal of Austrian People's Party leader Wilhelm Molterer from the governing grand coalition on 7 July 2008. Due to dissatisfaction with the grand coalition and the two main parties, it was widely expected to be a realigning election, with gains for the opposition and up to seven parties expected to be in the National Council after the election. The losses for the government parties resulted in strong gains for the far right, while neither the Liberal Forum nor the Citizens' Forum Austria gained as much as 2% of the vote, defying earlier expectations. The result of the election was seen as strong for the far-right and in support of Eurosceptics.

The 2014 European Parliament election was held on 25 May 2014 in Austria. As a result of the Lisbon Treaty Austria held 19 seats in the European Parliament, but with Croatia joining the Union in 2013, Austria's allocation was reduced to 18 seats.

Legislative elections were held in Austria on 15 October 2017. The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) emerged as the largest party in the National Council, winning 62 of the 183 seats. The Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) finished second with 52 seats, slightly ahead of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), which received 51 seats. NEOS finished fourth with 10 seats, and PILZ entered parliament for the first time and came in fifth place with 8 seats. The Green Party failed to cross the 4% threshold and was ejected from parliament, losing all of its 24 seats.

References

↑ "Nationalratswahl 2013 - Endgültiges Gesamtergebnis". Website of the Austrian Ministry of the Interior (in German). Bundesministerium für Inneres. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
↑ Regierung legt sich fest: Wahl am 29. September - Die Presse, 21 February 2013
↑ Sparpaket: Prammer sagt Verkleinerung des Nationalrats ab - Der Standard, 19 November 2012
↑ Regierungsspitze hofft weiter auf NR-Verkleinerung - Der Standard, 20 November 2012
↑ Nationalratswahl 2013 - Abgeschlossene und veröffentlichte Landeswahlvorschläge - bmi.gv.at, 8 August 2013
↑ Austrians voting general elections Al Jazeera 29 September 2013
↑ Governing coalition slips election Al Jazeera 29 September 2013
↑ Austria coalition vote Yahoo!
↑ Austria's biggest parties agree coalition talks Reuters, Oct. 14

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[1] "Nationalratswahl 2013 - Endgültiges Gesamtergebnis". Website of the Austrian Ministry of the Interior (in German). Bundesministerium für Inneres. Retrieved 17 December 2014.

[2] Regierung legt sich fest: Wahl am 29. September - Die Presse, 21 February 2013

[3] Sparpaket: Prammer sagt Verkleinerung des Nationalrats ab - Der Standard, 19 November 2012

[4] Regierungsspitze hofft weiter auf NR-Verkleinerung - Der Standard, 20 November 2012

[5] Nationalratswahl 2013 - Abgeschlossene und veröffentlichte Landeswahlvorschläge - bmi.gv.at, 8 August 2013

[aljaz-6] Austrians voting general elections Al Jazeera 29 September 2013

[7] Governing coalition slips election Al Jazeera 29 September 2013

[8] Austria coalition vote Yahoo!

[9] Austria's biggest parties agree coalition talks Reuters, Oct. 14