Austroperlidae

Last updated

Austroperlidae
Austroperla cyrene.jpg
Austroperla cyrene
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Plecoptera
Suborder: Antarctoperlaria
Superfamily: Gripopterygoidea
Family: Austroperlidae
Tillyard, 1921

Austroperlidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are about 10 genera and 15 described species in Austroperlidae across southern land masses Australia, New Zealand, and South America. [1] [2] Austroperlidae species are unique among stoneflies in having aposematic (warning) colouration. [3] The New Zealand species Austroperla cyrene is a forest dwelling shredder that is toxic to predators due to its production of hydrogen cyanide. [4] The warning colouration of this species is mimicked by several lineages of the unrelated non-toxic New Zealand stonefly Zelandoperla . [5]

Contents

Genera

These 10 genera belong to the family Austroperlidae:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eustheniidae</span> Family of stoneflies

Eustheniidae is a family of insects in the order Plecoptera, the stoneflies. They are native to Australia, New Zealand, and Chile.

Ostrocerca truncata, the truncate forestfly, is a species of spring stonefly in the family Nemouridae. It is found in North America.

<i>Pteronarcys princeps</i> Species of stonefly

Pteronarcys princeps, the ebony salmonfly, is a species of giant stonefly in the family Pteronarcyidae. It is found in North America.

<i>Isoperla similis</i> Species of stonefly

Isoperla similis, the black stripetail, is a species of green-winged stonefly in the family Perlodidae. It is found in North America.

<i>Paragnetina fumosa</i> Species of stonefly

Paragnetina fumosa, the smoky stone, is a species of common stonefly in the family Perlidae. It is found in North America.

<i>Paragnetina</i> Genus of stoneflies

Paragnetina is a genus of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are at least 20 described species in Paragnetina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acroneuriinae</span> Subfamily of stoneflies

Acroneuriinae is a subfamily of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There are about 32 genera and about 520 described species in Acroneuriinae.

Ostrocerca is a genus of spring stoneflies in the family Nemouridae. There are about six described species in Ostrocerca.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perlodini</span> Tribe of stoneflies

Perlodini is a tribe of Palaearctic and Nearctic stoneflies in the family Perlodidae. There are more than 80 described species in Perlodini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diploperlini</span> Tribe of stoneflies

Diploperlini is a tribe of springflies in the family Perlodidae. There are about 13 genera and more than 30 described species in Diploperlini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arcynopterygini</span> Tribe of stoneflies

Arcynopterygini is a tribe of springflies in the family Perlodidae. There are about 11 genera and more than 30 described species in Arcynopterygini.

<i>Eccoptura</i> Genus of stoneflies

Eccoptura is a genus of common stoneflies in the family Perlidae. There is at least one described species in Eccoptura, E. xanthenes. It is known as the "yellow stone" and is found in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diamphipnoidae</span> Family of stoneflies

Diamphipnoidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are at least two genera and about nine described species in Diamphipnoidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gripopterygidae</span> Family of stoneflies

Gripopterygidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are more than 50 genera and 320 described species in Gripopterygidae.

Notonemouridae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are more than 20 genera and at least 120 described species in Notonemouridae.

Styloperlidae is a family of stoneflies in the order Plecoptera. There are at least 2 genera and 9 described species in Styloperlidae. The species etymology is based on the type locality near Sapa.

<i>Zelandoperla maungatuaensis</i> Species of stonefly

Zelandoperla maungatuaensis, commonly known as the Maungatua stonefly, is a species of flightless stonefly so far known only from a single mountainside in Otago, New Zealand.

Zelandoperla is a genus of ‘long-tailed’ stoneflies endemic to New Zealand, placed within Southern Hemisphere family Gripopterygidae.

<i>Zelandoperla fenestrata</i> Species of stonefly

Zelandoperla fenestrata is a widespread endemic New Zealand ‘long-tailed’ stonefly that is often abundant in high-gradient stony streams, from near sea-level up to alpine elevations. The species name 'fenestrata' refers to the window-like rectangular patterning visible on the wings of non-melanic adult specimens.

<i>Austroperla</i> Genus of stoneflies

Austroperla cyrene, the black stonefly, is a species of austroperlid stonefly endemic to New Zealand. It is the single species in the genus Austroperla. The species is a 'shredder' that lives and feeds on decomposing wood and leaves in streams throughout New Zealand. It is particularly common in forested streams but relatively rare or absent from deforested streams.

References

  1. "Austroperlidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  2. DeWalt, R.E.; Maehr, M.D.; Neu-Becker, U.; Stueber, G. (2019). "family Austroperlidae Tillyard, 1921". Plecoptera species file online, Version 5.0. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  3. Foster, Brodie; McCulloch, Graham; Waters, Jonathan (2021). "Evidence for aposematism in a southern hemisphere stonefly family (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)". Austral Entomology. 60: 267-275. doi:10.1111/aen.12529.
  4. McLellan, Ian (1997). "Austroperla cyrene Newman (Plecoptera: Austroperlidae)". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 27: 271–278. doi:10.1080/03014223.1997.9517538.
  5. Foster, Brodie; McCulloch, Graham; Foster, Yasmin; Kroos, Gracie; King, Tania; Waters, Jonathan (2023). "ebony underpins Batesian mimicry in melanic stoneflies". Molecular Ecology. 32: 4986-4998. doi: 10.1111/mec.17085 .

Further reading