Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1, also known as Bridging Integrator-1 and Amphiphysin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BIN1 gene. [5] [6] [7]
This gene encodes several isoforms of a nucleocytoplasmic adaptor protein, one of which was initially identified as a MYC-interacting protein with features of a tumor suppressor.
Isoforms that are expressed in the central nervous system may be involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis and may interact with dynanim, synaptojanin, endophilin, and clathrin. [8]
Isoforms that are expressed in muscle and ubiquitously expressed isoforms localize to the cytoplasm and nucleus and activate a caspase-independent apoptotic process. [8]
Studies in mouse suggest that this gene plays an important role in cardiac muscle development. Alternate splicing of the gene results in ten transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Aberrant splice variants expressed in tumor cell lines have also been described. [8]
In humans, mutations in BIN1 have been associated with skeletal myopathies including centronuclear myopathy causing muscle weakness [7] and myotonic dystrophy causing progressive muscle wasting, myotonia, cataracts, and heart conduction defects. [9] An association has also been found between BIN1 mutations and Alzheimer's disease. [9] Knockdown of BIN1 produces a cardiomyopathy phenotype in zebrafish, [10] and in sheep BIN1 may be responsible for the loss of T-tubules seen in heart failure. [11]
BIN1 has been shown to interact with Phospholipase D1, [12] SNX4 [13] and PLD2. [12]
Amphiphysin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMPH gene.
Synaptojanin is a protein involved in vesicle uncoating in neurons. This is an important regulatory lipid phosphatase. It dephosphorylates the D-5 position phosphate from phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate(PIP2). It belongs to family of 5-phosphatases, which are structurally unrelated to D-3 inositol phosphatases like PTEN. Other members of the family of 5'phosphoinositide phosphatases include OCRL, SHIP1, SHIP2, INPP5J, INPP5E, INPP5B, INPP5A and SKIP.
Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15 gene.
Caspase-10 is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the CASP10 gene.
Dynamin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM2 gene.
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene.
The alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (α1B-adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRA1B, is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it. The crystal structure of the α1B-adrenergic receptor has been determined in complex with the inverse agonist (+)-cyclazosin.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II gamma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2G gene.
Clathrin heavy chain 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLTC gene.
Dynamin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNM1 gene.
Arrestin, beta 1, also known as ARRB1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ARRB1 gene.
Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HGS gene.
Laminin subunit alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LAMA1 gene.
AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A2 gene.
AP-1 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1B1 gene.
Endophilin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH3GL2 gene.
Neurexin-1-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRXN1 gene.
Synergin gamma also known as AP1 subunit gamma-binding protein 1 (AP1GBP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNRG gene.
Epsin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPN1 gene.
Epsin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPN2 gene.