Bandish, cheez or gat [1] is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music. [2] It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, violin or harmonium. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. A bandish provides the literature element in the music, for standard structured singing. In the past many gharanas protected their bandishes from moving out of the family with gross incoherent vocal renditions. [3] In the realm of vocal music, it is often known as cheez. [4]
The word bandish is derived from the Hindustani language, and literally means "binding together". [4]
Sthāyī or Asthāyī: The initial, Rondo phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.
Antarā : The second body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition.
Sanchāri: The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.
Aabhog: The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes.
There are three variations of Bandish, regarding tempo:
Vilambit Bandish : A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in Largo to Adagio speeds.
Madhyalaya Bandish : A medium tempo melodic composition, usually set in Andante to Allegretto speeds.
Drut Bandish : A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to Allegretto speed, and onwards.
| Bandish | Language | Rāg | Lay | Tāl | Composer | Singer | Remarks | Publisher / Label | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Giridhar gopal shyam | Hindi | Bhimsen | Vilambit & Madhyalaya Bandish | Roopak | Mahesh Mahadev | Jayateerth Mevundi | Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara | PM Audios & Entertainments | [5] [6] [7] |
| he mhare rajendra mana mohyo | Hindi | Dhanashree | Vilambit Bandish | Trital | Vilayat Hussain Khan | Vilayat Hussain Khan | |||
| Aaj More Man Lago | Hindi | Gujri Todi | Madhyalaya Bandish | Teen | Bhimsen Joshi | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. | [8] | ||
| Begun Gun Gave | Hindi | Gujri Todi | Drut Bandish : | Teen | Bhimsen Joshi | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. | [8] | ||
| Ab to Badi Der Bhaila | Hindi | Bhimpalasi | Vilambit Bandish | Teen | Bhimsen Joshi | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. | [8] | ||
| Brij Mein Dhoom Machaye Kanha | Hindi | Bhimpalasi | Drut Bandish : | Teen | Bhimsen Joshi | Venus Worldwide Entertainment Pvt.Ltd. | [8] | ||
| Dijyo Badhai Sab Mil Aaj | Hindi | Bhatiyar | Vilambit Bandish | Teen | Shankar Abhyankar | Sanjeev Abhyankar & Devaki Pandit | Fountain Music Company | [9] | |
| Man Ke Mandir Aayo Re | Hindi | Bhimsen | Drut Bandish | Teen | Mahesh Mahadev | Jayateerth Mevundi | Bandish on Lord Venkateshwara | PM Audios & Entertainments | [5] [6] [7] [10] |
Carnatic music, known as Karnāṭaka saṃgīta or Karnāṭaka saṅgītam in the South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and portions of east and south Telangana and southern Odisha. It is one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu texts and traditions, particularly the Samaveda. The other subgenre is Hindustani music, which emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or Islamic influences from Northern India. The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in gāyaki (singing) style.
Khyal or Khayal is a major form of Hindustani classical music in the Indian subcontinent. Its name comes from a Persian/Arabic word meaning "imagination". Khyal is associated with romantic poetry, and allows the performer greater freedom of expression than dhrupad. In khyal, ragas are extensively ornamented, and the style calls for more technical virtuosity.
Indian Classical Music is the classical music of the Indian Subcontinent. It has two major traditions: the North Indian classical music known as Hindustani and the South Indian expression known as Carnatic. These traditions were not distinct until about the 15th century. During the period of Mughal rule of the Indian subcontinent, the traditions separated and evolved into distinct forms. Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation and exploration of all aspects of a raga, while Carnatic performances tend to be short composition-based. However, the two systems continue to have more common features than differences. Another unique classical music tradition from the eastern part of India is Odissi music, which has evolved over the last two thousand years.
Thumri is a vocal genre or style of Indian music. The term "thumri" is derived from the Hindi verb thumuknaa, which means "to walk with a dancing gait in such a way that the ankle-bells tinkle." The form is, thus, connected with dance, dramatic gestures, mild eroticism, evocative love poetry and folk songs, especially from Uttar Pradesh, though there are regional variations.
The Alap is the opening section of a typical North Indian classical performance. It is a form of melodic improvisation that introduces and develops a raga. In dhrupad singing the alap is unmetered, improvised and unaccompanied, and started at a slow tempo. For people unfamiliar with the raga form, it introduces the thaat to the listener. It defines the raga, its mood, and the emphasized notes and notes with a secondary role.
In Hindustani classical music, the jor is a formal section of composition in the long elaboration (alap) of a raga that forms the beginning of a performance. It comes after alap and precedes jhala, the climax. Jor is the instrumental equivalent of nomtom in the dhrupad vocal style of Indian music. Both have a simple pulse but no well-defined rhythmic cycle.
Hindustani classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent's northern regions. It may also be called North Indian classical music or Uttar Bhartiya shastriya sangeet. The term shastriya sangeet literally means classical music, and is also used to refer to Indian classical music in general. It is played on instruments like the veena, sitar and sarod. It diverged in the 12th century CE from Carnatic music, the classical tradition of Southern India. While Carnatic music largely uses compositions written in Sanskrit, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindustani music largely uses compositions written in Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, Braj, Avadhi, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Marathi and Punjabi.
Ustad Amir Khan was an Indian singer and musician in the Hindustani classical tradition. He was the founder of the Indore gharana.
Kirana gharana is one of the Indian classical khyal gharanas, and is concerned foremost with intonation of notes (swara).
Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande is a Hindustani classical music vocalist from Mumbai. She belongs to the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana tradition.
Pandit Jayateerth Mevundi is an Indian classical vocalist of the Kirana gharana.
Bhimpalasi or Bheempalasi is a Hindustani classical raga. The Carnatic Music equivalent of this raga is Abheri.
Taan is a technique used in the vocal performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music. It involves the improvisation of very rapid melodic passages using vowels, often the long "a" as in the word "far", and it targets at improvising and to expand weaving together the notes in a fast tempo. It is similar to the technique ahaat, used in Arabic music, or like an arpeggio in Western music.
The Atrauli–Jaipur Gharana is a Hindustani music apprenticeship fraternity (gharana), founded by Alladiya Khan in the late-19th century. Evolved from the dhrupad tradition, but known for khayal, this gharana is known for producing acclaimed musicians like Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Laxmibai Jadhav, Mogubai Kurdikar, Mallikarjun Mansur, Shruti Sadolikar, Dhondutai Kulkarni, Pandit Mrityunjaya Agadi Consequently, this gharana developed a reputation for its distinctive vocal aesthetics, raga repertoire, and technical aptitude.
The Gwalior Gharana is one of the oldest Khyal Gharana in Indian classical music. The rise of the Gwalior Gharana started with the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (1542–1605).
Malkauns, known also as rag Malkosh, is a raga in Indian classical music. It is one of the oldest ragas of Indian classical music. The equivalent raga in Carnatic music is called Hindolam, not to be confused with the Hindustani Hindol.
Chintaman Raghunath Vyas, popularly known as C. R. Vyas, was an Indian classical singer. He was known for singing khyal style.
Indore gharana is one of the vocal gharanas of Indian classical music. It was founded by Amir Khan, who studied the styles of Abdul Wahid Khan, Aman Ali Khan, Rajab Ali Khan and Abdul Karim Khan and amalgamated their style.
Jhinjhoti is a Hindustani classical raga from the Khamaj Thaat. This is a light and playful raga.
Bhimsen is a rāgam in Carnatic music and Hindustani music(Indian classical music scale) created by music composer Mahesh Mahadev. named after ‘Bharat Ratna’ Pandit Bhimsen Joshi (BHIM) Miaya Tansen (SEN). It is the Janya raga of 11th Melakarta rāgam Kokilapriya in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. Mahesh Mahadev introduced this raga to Indian classical music by composing two Hindustani Bandish.
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