Banksia squarrosa

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Pingle
Dryandra squarrosa.JPG
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Dryandra
Species:
B. squarrosa
Binomial name
Banksia squarrosa
Synonyms [1]
  • Dryandra squarrosa R.Br.
  • Josephia squarrosa(R.Br.) Kuntze
Distribution of B. squarrosa Banksia squarrosa map.png
Distribution of B. squarrosa
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Plate 4317 (Volume 73, 1847).png
Illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine

Banksia squarrosa, commonly known as pingle, [2] is a species of prickly shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves with up to ten sharply-pointed teeth on each side, yellow flowers in heads of about sixty and later, up to seven oblong to egg-shaped follicles in each head.

Contents

Description

Banksia squarrosa is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 4 m (13 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has sessile linear to narrow lance-shaped leaves that are 30–90 mm (1.2–3.5 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.20–0.47 in) wide with up to ten sharply-pointed, triangular teeth on each side. The flowers are yellow and are arranged in heads of between fifty and seventy with narrow triangular to linear involucral bracts 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long at the base of each head. The perianth is 18–24 mm (0.71–0.94 in) long and the pistil 20–26 mm (0.79–1.02 in) long and straight. Flowering occurs from June to November and the follicles are oblong to egg-shaped, 8–13 mm (0.31–0.51 in) long and more or less glabrous. Up to seven follicles form in each head. [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

This species was first collected from near King George Sound in 1829 by William Baxter, and its description was published by Robert Brown in Supplementum primum Prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae as Dryandra squarrosa the following year. [4] [5]

In 1839 John Lindley described D. carduacea from specimens collected in the vicinity of the Swan River. [6] [7] In 1996, Alex George reduced D. carduacea to a synonym of D. squarrosa.

In 1996, George described two subspecies of D. squarrosa:

In 2007 Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele transferred all dryandras to the genus Banksia and renamed this species Banksia squarrosa and the two subspecies argillacea and squarrosa respectively. [9] [10] The names of the subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census. [11] [12]

Distribution and habitat

Pingle is widely distributed in the south-west of Western Australia, occurring between Bindoon, the Whicher Range and Albany, growing in woodland and forest. Subspecies argillacea has a limited distribution near the western side of the Whicher Range. Subspecies squarrosa occurs throughout the species' range, except near the Whicher Range. [3]

Conservation status

This banksia is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife, [2] but subspecies argillacea is listed as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia) [13]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Banksia bipinnatifida</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Banksia calophylla</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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Banksia concinna is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has elliptical leaves with between five and twenty triangular teeth on each side, hairy heads of yellow flowers and hairy, egg-shaped fruit.

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<i>Banksia fraseri</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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Banksia ionthocarpa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has short, hairy, prostrate stems, pinnatifid leaves, pinkish purple to orange flower in heads of between forty and sixty at the base of leaves, and egg-shaped follicles with a distinctive tuft of hairs on the end.

<i>Banksia prolata</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

Banksia prolata is a species of bushy shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has linear, serrated or pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of between 150 and 250, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia nivea</i> Species of shrub in Western Australia

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Banksia plumosa is a species of shrub that is endemic to Western Australia. It has hairy stems, broadly linear pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves with triangular lobes, creamy-yellow flowers in heads of up to eighty, and egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia pteridifolia</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae native to Western Australia

Banksia pteridifolia, commonly known as tangled honeypot, is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has short, underground stems, deeply pinnatipartite leaves with sharply-pointed, linear lobes on the sides, creamy white or yellow flowers in heads of about one hundred and later up to five follicles in each head.

Banksia seneciifolia is a species of column-shaped shrub that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has linear, pinnatifid leaves, yellow flowers in heads of about twenty-five, and narrow egg-shaped follicles.

<i>Banksia serra</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Banksia serratuloides</i> Species of shrub in the family Proteaceae endemic to Western Australia

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<i>Dryandra</i> subg. <i>Hemiclidia</i> Obsolete subgenus within the former genus Dryandra

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<i>Grevillea agrifolia</i> Species of plant in the family Proteaceae

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References

  1. 1 2 "Banksia squarrosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 "Banksia squarrosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. 1 2 George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 273–274. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  4. "Dryandra squarrosa". APNI. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  5. Brown, Robert (1830). Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae. London: Typis R. Taylor. p. 38. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  6. "Dryandra carduacea". APNI. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  7. Lindley, John (1840). A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. London: James Ridgway. p. xxxiii. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  8. George, Alex (1996). "New taxa and a new infrageneric classification in Dryandra R.Br. (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae)". Nuytsia. 10 (3): 336. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  9. Mast, Austin R.; Thiele, Kevin (2007). "The transfer of Dryandra R.Br. to Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany . 20 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1071/SB06016.
  10. "Banksia squarrosa". APNI. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  11. "Banksia squarrosa subsp. argillacea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  12. "Banksia squarrosa subsp. squarrosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  13. "Banksia squarrosa subsp. argillacea". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.