A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. Picea is the sole genus in the subfamily Piceoideae. Spruces are large trees, from about 20 to 60 m tall when mature, and have whorled branches and conical form. They can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by their needles (leaves), which are four-sided and attached singly to small persistent peg-like structures on the branches, and by their cones, which hang downwards after they are pollinated. The needles are shed when 4–10 years old, leaving the branches rough with the retained pegs. In other similar genera, the branches are fairly smooth.
Picea mariana, the black spruce, is a North American species of spruce tree in the pine family. It is widespread across Canada, found in all 10 provinces and all 3 territories. It is the official tree of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador and is that province's most numerous tree. The range of the black spruce extends into northern parts of the United States: in Alaska, the Great Lakes region, and the upper Northeast. It is a frequent part of the biome known as taiga or boreal forest.
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genus Heliocosma is sometimes placed within this superfamily. Many of these are economically important pests. Olethreutidae is a junior synonym. The typical resting posture is with the wings folded back, producing a rather rounded profile.
Picea koraiensis, the Korean spruce, is a species of spruce.
Archips oporana, also known as the pine tortrix or spruce tortrix is a moth of the family Tortricidae, found in Asia and Europe. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.
Eupoecilia ambiguella, the vine moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe, China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and the Russian Far East.
Choristoneura murinana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in central Europe and the Near East, China, Taiwan and in North America.
Cydia strobilella, the spruce seed moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Europe.
Cydia pactolana, the spruce bark tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in central, northern and eastern Europe as well as Siberia. In Japan, the subspecies Cydia pactolana yasudai is present.
Gravitarmata margarotana, the pine cone tortrix or pine twig moth, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. In Europe, it is found from England to Austria and Poland, east to the Baltic region to Russia, China, Korea and Japan.
Barbara herrichiana is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in central Europe, Spain, Greece and Ukraine.
Epinotia nanana, the European spruce needleminer, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to Russia and Mongolia.
Retinia monopunctata is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Japan, northern China and Russia.
Rhopobota naevana, the holly tortrix moth, holly leaf tier or blackheaded fireworm, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from Europe to eastern Russia, China, Taiwan, Mongolia, Korea and Japan. It is also present in India, Sri Lanka and North America.
Spilonota lechriaspis, the apple fruit licker, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in eastern Russia, China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana, the spruce bud moth or Ratzeburg tortricid, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from northern and central Europe to eastern Russia and China. Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana is a taxonomically similar species to Zeiraphera canadensis and can only be distinguished by an anal comb found in Z. canadensis.
Zeiraphera rufimitrana, the red-headed fir tortricid, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found from central Europe to eastern Russia, Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula, China and Japan. It was first recorded from the Netherlands by Kuchlein and Naves in 1999.
Dioryctria reniculelloides, the spruce coneworm, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The species was first described by Akira Mutuura and Eugene G. Munroe in 1973. It is found from Nova Scotia to Alaska, south in the east to New York, and south in the west to California and New Mexico. It was recorded from China in 2009. Occasionally abundant, often in conjunction with epidemics of the spruce budworm, the spruce coneworm occurs through most or all of the range of spruce in North America, feeding on new foliage and cones of spruce, and often balsam fir. When abundant, it can be a serious pest "particularly on white spruce".
Archips pulchra is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang), South Korea, Japan and Russia (Primorye).
