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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Belgium |
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Constitution |
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Foreign relations |
Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June, 18 June and 15 July 1878. [1] [2] The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 72 of the 132 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 36 of the 66 seats in the Senate. [2] Voter turnout was 62.5%, although only 56,640 people were eligible to vote.
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to the southwest, and the North Sea to the northwest. It covers an area of 30,688 square kilometres (11,849 sq mi) and has a population of more than 11.4 million. The capital and largest city is Brussels; other major cities are Antwerp, Ghent, Charleroi and Liège.
The Liberal Party was a Belgian political party that existed from 1846 until 1961, when it became the Party for Freedom and Progress, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang/Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès or PVV-PLP, under the leadership of Omer Vanaudenhove.
Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Liège and East Flanders. Additionally, special elections were held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Brussels and Kortrijk after these electoral districts got one extra seat due to population growth.
Limburg is a province in Belgium. It is the easternmost of the five Dutch-speaking provinces that together form the Region of Flanders, one of the three main political and cultural sub-divisions of modern Belgium.
They were the first elections with strict guarantees for secret ballots, which contributed to the success of the liberals.
The secret ballot, also known as Australian ballot, is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are anonymous, forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation, blackmailing, and potential vote buying. The system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy.
Party | Votes | % | Seats | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Won | Total | +/– | |||
Liberal Party | 18,966 | 52.6 | 48 | 72 | +15 |
Catholic Party | 17,085 | 47.4 | 18 | 60 | –7 |
Invalid/blank votes | 2,697 | – | – | – | – |
Total | 38,748 | 100 | 66 | 132 | +8 |
Registered voters/turnout | 57,640 | 62.5 | – | – | – |
Source: Mackie & Rose, [3] Sternberger et al. |
Party | Votes | % | Seats |
---|---|---|---|
Liberal Party | 36 | ||
Catholic Party | 30 | ||
Total | 66 | ||
Source: Sternberger et al. |
The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth: [4]
Province | Arrondissement | Seats | Change |
---|---|---|---|
Antwerp | Antwerp | 7 | +1 |
Mechelen | 3 | – | |
Turnhout | 3 | – | |
Limburg | Hasselt | 2 | – |
Maaseik | 1 | – | |
Tongeren | 2 | – | |
East Flanders | Aalst | 3 | – |
Oudenaarde | 3 | – | |
Gent | 8 | +1 | |
Eeklo | 1 | – | |
Dendermonde | 3 | – | |
Sint-Niklaas | 3 | – | |
West Flanders | Bruges | 3 | – |
Roeselare | 2 | – | |
Tielt | 2 | – | |
Kortrijk | 4 | +1 | |
Ypres | 3 | – | |
Veurne | 1 | – | |
Diksmuide | 1 | – | |
Ostend | 1 | – | |
Brabant | Leuven | 5 | – |
Brussels | 14 | +1 | |
Nivelles | 4 | – | |
Hainaut | Tournai | 4 | – |
Ath | 2 | – | |
Charleroi | 7 | +2 | |
Thuin | 3 | – | |
Mons | 5 | – | |
Soignies | 3 | – | |
Liège | Huy | 2 | – |
Waremme | 2 | +1 | |
Liège | 8 | – | |
Verviers | 4 | +1 | |
Luxembourg | Arlon | 1 | – |
Marche | 1 | – | |
Bastogne | 1 | – | |
Neufchâteau | 1 | – | |
Virton | 1 | – | |
Namur | Namur | 4 | – |
Dinant | 2 | – | |
Philippeville | 2 | – | |
132 | +8 |
The Japanese political process has three types of elections: general elections to the House of Representatives held every four years, elections to the House of Councillors held every three years to choose one-half of its members, and local elections held every four years for offices in prefectures, cities, and villages. Elections are supervised by election committees at each administrative level under the general direction of the Central Election Administration Committee, an attached organization to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC). The minimum voting age in Japan's non-compulsory electoral system was reduced from twenty to eighteen years in June 2016. Voters must satisfy a three-month residency requirement before being allowed to cast a ballot.
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