| Beyrichoceratoides Temporal range: L Carboniferous (Mississippian) | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | † Ammonoidea |
| Order: | † Goniatitida |
| Family: | † Muensteroceratidae |
| Genus: | † Beyrichoceratoides Bisat, 1924 |
Beyrichoceras is a genus belonging to the goniatitid family Muensteroceratidae, [1] a group of ammonoids, extinct shelled cephalopods related to belemnites and recent coleoids and more distantly to the nautiloids
Beyrichoceratoides has a smooth involute discoidal shell with a very narrow umbilicus, non-crenulate biconvex growth lines, and well-developed ventro-lateral salients and deep hyponomic sinus. [2] The ventral lobe of the suture is moderately narrow and straight sided; bifurcated with short prongs separated by a low median saddle. The first lateral and umbilical lobes are like those of Beyrichoceras, broad and V-shaped, only the first lateral one is more symmetrical in Beyrichoceratoides. The internal dorsal and flanking lobes are also like those of Beyrichoceras but with the flanking lobes set relatively further apart. [3]
Beyrichoceratoides was derived from Muensteroceras near the beginning of the Carboniferous (early Mississippian) [4] and is included in the Muesteroceratidae, a family assigned to the Goniatitid superfamily Pericyclaceae. [1] [2]
Beyrichoceratoides was named by Bisat in 1924, based on Goniatites implicatus Phillips, 1836. [2] Schindewolf, 1951, considered Beyrichoceratoides equivalent to Münsteroceras Hyatt 1884 as also presented in the Treatise Part L, 1957. Ruzhentsev, 1960, considered Beyrichoceratoide a distinct genus as do Korn 2006 and Nikolaeva 2008. [2]
Beyrichoceratoides has been found in the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian). [4] of Great Britain [1]
Beyrichoceratoides has been described as a "fast-moving nektonic carnivore". [1] However, its somewhat globular discoidal form suggest a small stalking or hovering nektonic or nekto-benthic ambush predator capable of sudden swift movements to either grab prey or escape predation. As with all known cephalopods, Beyrichoceratoides was undoubtedly carnivorous.
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago. Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later.
Goniatites is a genus of extinct cephalopods belonging to the family Goniatitidae, included in the superfamily Goniatitaceae. Hibernicoceras and Hypergoniatites are among related genera.
Beyrichoceras is a genus belonging to the goniatitid family Maxigoniatitidae that lived during the Mississippian Period
Uraloceras is an ammonoid cephalopod genus belonging to the goniatitid family Paragastrioceratidae. The genus was named by Ruzhencev 1936 and is a jr. synonym of Pseudogastrioceras Spath 1930 according to Miller, Furnish and Schindeworlf, 1957. More recent classifications however list the two as distinct genera and put Uraloceras in the Paragastrioceratinae and Pseudogastrioceras in the Pseudogastrioceratinae.
Prolobitidae is a family of middle and upper Devonian ammonoid cephalopods currently included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina and superfamily Dimeroceratoidea, but previously included in the ancestral Anarcestida.
Cheiloceratidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the goniatitid suborder Tornoceratina in which the suture has 4 to 12 lobes, the ventral one undivided and those in the lateral areas originating as subdivisions of internal and external lateral saddles.
Gastrioceratoidea is one of 17 superfamilies in the suborder Goniatitina, ammonoid cephalopods from the Late Paleozoic.
Adrianitidae is a family in the Adrianitaceae, a superfamily of ammonites in the cephalopod order, Goniatitida, known from the Middle Pennsylvanian to the Middle Permian.
Texoceras is an extinct ammonoid genus in the monotypic goniatitid subfamily Texoceratinae, included in the family Adrianitidae. These were shelled cephalopods more closely related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish than to nautiloids from which they are derived.
Cyclolobidae: Goniatitid Ammonoidea belonging to the Cycloloboidea with thickly discoidal to subglobular shells with a small but open umbilicus and ammonitic sutures with numerous lobes that have subparallel sides.
Thalassoceratidae a family of late Paleozoic ammonites included in the goniatitid superfamily Thalassoceratoidea along with the Bisatoceratidae. Some eight genera are included, although the specific number and exactly which depends on the particular classification.
Medlicottiidae is a family of ammonoid cephalopods belonging to the Prolecanitida, known from the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) to the Early Triassic.
Prolecanitida is an order of extinct ammonoid cephalopods, the major Late Paleozoic group of ammonoids alongside the order Goniatitida. Prolecanitids had narrow shells, discoidal (disc-shaped) to thinly lenticular (lens-shaped). They retained a retrochoanitic siphuncle, a simple form with septal necks extending backwards. As is typical for ammonoids, the siphuncle sits along the ventral margin of the shell.
Prolecanitoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of ammonoids in the order Prolecanitida. Prolecanitoidea is one of two superfamilies in the order, along with the younger and more complex Medlicottioidea. The Prolecanitoidea were a low-diversity and morphologically conservative group. They lived from the Lower Carboniferous up to the Middle Permian. Their shells are generally smooth and discoidal, with a rounded lower edge, a moderate to large umbilicus, and goniatitic to ceratitic sutures. Suture complexity varies from 10 up to 22 total lobes ; new lobes are added from subdivision of saddles adjacent to the original main umbilical lobe.
Agoniatitida, also known as the Anarcestida, is the ancestral order within the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea originating from bactritoid nautiloids, that lived in what would become Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America during the Devonian from about the lower boundary of Zlichovian stage into Taghanic event during upper middle Givetian, existing for approximately 25 million years.
Pachylyroceras is a large, generally subglobular, Upper Mississippian gonitite and included in the cephalopod subclass Ammonoidea.
Cravevoceras is an Upper Paleozoic ammonite in the goniatite family Cravenoceratidae, probably derived from Pachylyroceras and contemporary with other cravenoceratid genera like Caenolyroceras, Tympanoceras and later Alaoceras and Lyrogoniatites. It is also a member of the Neoglyphioceratoidea.
The Uddenitinae a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida. The Uddenitinae, proposed by Miller and Furnish, and known from the Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian, are transitional between the ancestral Pronoritidae and the more traditional medlicottiids.
The Medlicottiinae is a subfamily of the Medlicottiidae, a family of ammonoid cephalopods included in the Prolecanitida, characterized by having discoidal to thinly lenticular shells with a retuse (grooved) venter and sutures with bifid auxiliary lobes.
Pronorites is a prolecanitid genus from the middle and upper Carboniferous, upper Mississippian and Pennsylvanian. Distribution is wide spread.