Biemnida

Biemnida
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Demospongiae
Subclass:	Heteroscleromorpha
Order:	Biemnida; Morrow, 2013 [1]
Families
	Biemnidae Hentschel, 1923; Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928;

Last updated March 25, 2019

Biemnida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.^[2]

Demospongiae is the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges.

Heteroscleromorpha is a subclass of demosponges within the phylum Porifera.

Related Research Articles

The Clathrinida are an order of calcareous sponges found in marine environments. These sponges have an asconoid structure and lack a true dermal membrane or cortex. The spongocoel is lined with choanocytes.

<i>Polymastia</i> (sponge) genus of sponges

Polymastia is a genus of sponges (Porifera) containing about 30 species. These are small to large encrusting or dome-shaped sponges with a smooth surface having many teat-shaped projections (papillae). In areas of strong wave action, this genus does not grow the teat structures, but instead grows in a corrugated form.

Homoscleromorpha is a class of marine sponges composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae.

Axinellidae is a family of sponges in the order Axinellida.

Clathrina multiformis is a species of calcareous sponge from Russia.

Dictyoceratida is an order of sponges in the subclass Ceractinomorpha containing five families. Along with the Dendroceratida, it is one of the two orders of demosponges that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges, in which a mineral skeleton is minimal or absent and a skeleton of organic fibers containing spongin, a collagen-like material, is present instead.

Guancha apicalis was thought to be a species of calcareous sponge in the genus Guancha from Antarctica. It actually never existed.

Aplysina is the name of a genus of demosponges within the phylum Porifera. It was first authenticated and described by Nardo in 1834.

Bubarida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Clionaida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Desmacellida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Polymastiida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Scopalinidae is an family of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha. It is the only family in the monotypic order Scopalinida.

Tethyida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Agelasida is an order of sea sponges in the class Demospongiae.

Merliida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Trachycladida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Sphaerocladina is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

Spongillida is an order of demosponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha.

References

↑ Morrow, C. C.; Redmond, N. E.; Picton, B. E.; Thacker, R. W.; Collins, A. G.; Maggs, C. A.; Sigwart, J. D.; Allcock, A. L. (2013). Molecular Phylogenies Support Homoplasy of Multiple Morphological Characters Used in the Taxonomy of Heteroscleromorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae). Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (3): 428-446., page(s): 444.
↑ van Soest, R. (2015). Biemnida. In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17.

External links

Data related to Biemnida at Wikispecies

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[1] Morrow, C. C.; Redmond, N. E.; Picton, B. E.; Thacker, R. W.; Collins, A. G.; Maggs, C. A.; Sigwart, J. D.; Allcock, A. L. (2013). Molecular Phylogenies Support Homoplasy of Multiple Morphological Characters Used in the Taxonomy of Heteroscleromorpha (Porifera, Demospongiae). Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (3): 428-446., page(s): 444.

[2] van Soest, R. (2015). Biemnida. In: Van Soest, R.W.M; Boury-Esnault, N.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Rützler, K.; de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez de Glasby, B.; Hajdu, E.; Pisera, A.B.; Manconi, R.; Schoenberg, C.; Klautau, M.; Picton, B.; Kelly, M.; Vacelet, J.; Dohrmann, M.; Díaz, M.-C.; Cárdenas, P.; Carballo, J. L. (2016). World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2017-02-17.