Blue Beetle (Dan Garret)

Last updated
Blue Beetle
Blue Beetle 04.jpg
Blue Beetle #4 (October 1940). Cover artist unknown; possibly Edd Ashe.
Publication information
Publisher Fox Comics (except #12–30: Holyoke Publishing)
Charlton Comics
DC Comics
First appearance Mystery Men Comics #1
Created by Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski
In-story information
Team affiliations Justice Society of America

Dan Garret or Dan Garrett is a fictional superhero, appearing in American comic books published by multiple companies, including Fox Comics, Charlton Comics, and DC Comics. Garret was created by Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski, and made his first appearance in Fox's Mystery Men Comics #1 during the Golden Age of Comic Books. Garrett is the first character to become the superhero Blue Beetle , predating Ted Kord and Jaime Reyes.

Superhero Type of stock character

A superhero is a type of heroic stock character, usually possessing supernatural or superhuman powers, who is dedicated to fighting the evil of their universe, protecting the public, and usually battling super-villains. A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine, although the word superhero is also commonly used for females. Superhero fiction is the genre of fiction that is centered on such characters, especially in American comic book and films since the 1930s.

American comic book Comic book originating in the USA

An American comic book is a thin periodical originating in the United States, typically 32 pages, containing comics content. While the form originated in 1933, American comic books first gained popularity after the 1938 publication of Action Comics, which included the debut of the superhero Superman. This was followed by a superhero boom that lasted until the end of World War II. After the war, while superheroes were marginalized, the comic book industry rapidly expanded and genres such as horror, crime, science fiction and romance became popular. The 1950s saw a gradual decline, due to a shift away from print media in the wake of television and the impact of the Comics Code Authority. The late 1950s and the 1960s saw a superhero revival and superheroes remained the dominant character archetype throughout the late 20th century into the 21st century.

Charlton Comics was an American comic book publishing company that existed from 1945 to 1986, having begun under a different name in 1940. It was based in Derby, Connecticut. The comic-book line was a division of Charlton Publications, which published magazines, puzzle books and, briefly, books. It had its own distribution company.

Contents

Publication history

The character first appeared by Fox Comics in August 1939 issue of Mystery Men Comics with art by Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski (as Charles Nicholas), though the Grand Comics Database tentatively credits Will Eisner as the scripter. [1] Blue Beetle has starred in a comic book series, comic strip and radio serial, but like most Golden Age of Comic Books superheroes, fell into obscurity in the 1950s. The comic book series saw a number of anomalies in publication: 19 issues, #12 through #30, were published through Holyoke Publishing; no issue #43 was published; publication frequency varied throughout the run; and there were gaps where issues were not published, with large ones occurring in early 1947 and between mid-1948 and early 1950.[ citation needed ]

Mystery Men Comics was an anthology American comic book series from the Golden Age of Comic Books published by Fox Feature Syndicate. The series was Fox's second title after the Wonderworld Comics series being first published in August 1939. The series would debut two superheros in its first issue: the Green Mask and Dan Garret - the first Blue Beetle who would later have their own spinoff series. The first issue was also notable for being one of the two comic book issues debuting John Tuska's work. The series would end in issue #31 in February 1942. Despite this and Fox's cancellation, the superhero Blue Beetle that the series help introduce would live on through Charlton and later DC Comics.

The Grand Comics Database (GCD) is an Internet-based project to build a database of comic book information through user contributions. The GCD project is cataloging information on creator credits, story details, reprints, and other information useful to the comic book reader, comic collector, fan, and scholar. The GCD is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization incorporated in Arkansas.

Will Eisner American cartoonist

William Erwin Eisner was an American cartoonist, writer, and entrepreneur. He was one of the earliest cartoonists to work in the American comic book industry, and his series The Spirit (1940–1952) was noted for its experiments in content and form. In 1978, he popularized the term "graphic novel" with the publication of his book A Contract with God. He was an early contributor to formal comics studies with his book Comics and Sequential Art (1985). The Eisner Award was named in his honor, and is given to recognize achievements each year in the comics medium; he was one of the three inaugural inductees to the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame.

In the mid-1950s, Fox Comics went out of business and sold Blue Beetle's rights to Charlton Comics. [2] Charlton published a few sporadic adventures of the Golden Age character before revamping the hero in 1964. [3] Charlton tried three times to use the character to carry a self-titled series. Two of the attempts retained the numbering of a previous title, and were eventually replaced with new titles that carried on the numbering. The new series was short-lived.

Fictional character biography

Fox Feature Syndicate and Holyoke Publishing

The first appearance of the Blue Beetle, Mystery Men Comics #1 (1939). Art by Charles Nicholas. Blue Beetle Mystery Men.jpg
The first appearance of the Blue Beetle, Mystery Men Comics #1 (1939). Art by Charles Nicholas.

Dan Garret [4] was a son of a police officer killed by a criminal. This Fox Feature Syndicate version of the character debuted in Mystery Men Comics #1 (August 1939) and began appearing in his own 60-issue series shortly thereafter. Fox Feature Syndicate sponsored a "Blue Beetle Day" at the 1939 New York World's Fair on August 7, 1940, beginning at 10:30 a.m. and including 300 children in relay-race finals at the Field of Special Events, following preliminaries in New York City parks. The race was broadcast over radio station WMCA. [5]

Fox Feature Syndicate was a comic book publisher from early in the period known to fans and historians as the Golden Age of Comic Books. Founded by entrepreneur Victor S. Fox, it produced such titles as Blue Beetle, Fantastic Comics and Mystery Men Comics.

1939 New York Worlds Fair

The 1939–40 New York World's Fair, which covered the 1,216 acres (492 ha) of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, was the second most expensive American world's fair of all time, exceeded only by St. Louis's Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904. Many countries around the world participated in it, and over 44 million people attended its exhibits in two seasons. It was the first exposition to be based on the future, with an opening slogan of "Dawn of a New Day", and it allowed all visitors to take a look at "the world of tomorrow". According to the official pamphlet:

The eyes of the Fair are on the future—not in the sense of peering toward the unknown nor attempting to foretell the events of tomorrow and the shape of things to come, but in the sense of presenting a new and clearer view of today in preparation for tomorrow; a view of the forces and ideas that prevail as well as the machines.

To its visitors the Fair will say: "Here are the materials, ideas, and forces at work in our world. These are the tools with which the World of Tomorrow must be made. They are all interesting and much effort has been expended to lay them before you in an interesting way. Familiarity with today is the best preparation for the future.

WMCA (AM) Radio station in New York: 570 AM

WMCA is a brokered time AM radio station licensed to New York City. It is owned by the Salem Media Group and airs a Christian talk and teaching radio format. The station's studios are in Lower Manhattan and are shared with co-owned WNYM 970 AM. National religious leaders heard on WMCA include Charles Stanley, Chuck Swindoll, Jim Daly, David Jeremiah and Rick Warren. Hosts pay Salem for airtime to present their shows, during which they may seek donations to their ministries.

Rookie patrolman Dan Garret originally fought crime as the Blue Beetle without the benefit of superhuman abilities. [6] Garret later donned a bulletproof blue costume (described by Garret as being made of a cellulose material which was "as thin and light as silk but stronger than steel"[ citation needed ]) and temporarily gained superhuman strength and stamina by ingesting the mysterious "Vitamin 2X". [7] Like the Green Hornet, the Blue Beetle would use his signature scarab symbol to bedevil criminals, leaving it to be easily found, hanging it down into a room on a string and even projecting its enlarged image onto a wall with a flashlight.

Cellulose cell wall polymer of plants and green algae

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C
6
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10
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5
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n
, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%.

The term superhuman refers to humans or human-like lifeforms with enhanced qualities and abilities that exceed those naturally found in humans. These qualities may be acquired through natural ability, self-actualization or technological aids. The related concept of a super race refers to an entire category of beings with the same or varying superhuman characteristics, created from present-day human beings by deploying various means such as eugenics, euthenics, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and/or brain-computer interfacing to accelerate the process of human evolution. Throughout history, the discussion of superhuman traits and the idea of the ideal human in physical, mental, or spiritual form has influenced politics, policy, philosophy, science and various social movements, as well as featuring prominently in culture. Groups advocating the deliberate pursuit of superhuman qualities for philosophical, political, or moral reasons are sometimes referred to as superhumanist.

The supporting cast remained fairly stable throughout this original run and included Joan Mason, a beautiful blond reporter for the Daily Blade who would ultimately star in her own backup stories, and Mike Mannigan, Dan's stereotypical Irish partner on the force who believed despite all evidence to the contrary that the Blue Beetle was a criminal and was always trying to arrest him with little success. Dr. Franz, a local pharmacist and inventor of the bulletproof suit and 2X formula (as well as many other gadgets, including the portable wireless telephone nearly a half-century before they came into common use), played a large role in the early issues but eventually faded from the cast. The Beetle also had a short-lived spunky kid sidekick in the form of Sparkington J. Northrup (Sparky), who originally wore an abbreviated version of the Beetle's costume but later went into action wearing his regular clothes. [8]

Ireland Island in north-west Europe, 20th largest in world, politically divided into the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (a part of the UK)

Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.

Pharmacist healthcare professional who practices in pharmacy

Pharmacists, also known as chemists or druggists, are health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.

Mobile phone Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link

A mobile phone, cell phone, cellphone, or hand phone, sometimes shortened to simply mobile, cell or just phone, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a mobile phone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a cellular network architecture, and, therefore, mobile telephones are called cellular telephones or cell phones, in North America. In addition to telephony, 2000s-era mobile phones support a variety of other services, such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications, business applications, video games, and digital photography. Mobile phones offering only those capabilities are known as feature phones; mobile phones which offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

During World War II, Garret became a government agent who was often sent overseas on secret missions, but after peace was declared he returned to his former role of neighborhood cop. The Blue Beetle's powers slowly increased over time, eventually giving him the ability to fly and X-ray vision among other bizarre powers that changed from issue to issue at the whim of the writers. However, when superheroes fell out of vogue in the late 1940s, Fox started to downplay his superhero powers and they were removed. His adventures turned darker, full of sadistic violence and scantily-clad women until he was eventually relegated to hosting true crime stories before the character went on hiatus. [9]

A popular character in his era, the Blue Beetle had his own short-lived comic strip, drawn by a pseudonymous Jack Kirby and others, and a radio serial that ran for 48 thirteen-minute episodes. [10] [11]

Charlton Comics

Blue Beetle vol. 2, #1 (June 1964). Cover art by Frank McLaughlin. Blue Beetle v3 1.jpg
Blue Beetle vol. 2, #1 (June 1964). Cover art by Frank McLaughlin.

Charlton Comics obtained the rights to the Blue Beetle and reprinted some stories in its anthology titles and in a four-issue Blue Beetle reprint series numbered 18–21. [12]

In 1964, during the Silver Age of comics, Charlton revised the character for a new Blue Beetle series. Charlton's new Blue Beetle retained the original's name (adding a second "t"), but no powers and back story, making him a different character. This Beetle was archaeologist Dan Garrett, who obtained a number of superhuman powers (including super strength and vision, flight, and the ability to generate energy blasts) from a mystical scarab he found during a dig in Egypt, where it had been used to imprison an evil mummified Pharaoh. [13] He would transform into the Blue Beetle by saying the words "Kaji Dha!" This version, by writer Joe Gill and artist Tony Tallarico, was played at least initially for camp, with stories like "The Giant Mummy Who was Not Dead". The Charlton Dan Garrett version of the Blue Beetle ran only until 1966 before his replacement debuted. [14]

AC Comics

Both Blue Beetles reappeared in the third issue of Americomics , a title published by AC Comics in 1983/1984. In the first story in this issue, Ted Kord fought a bogus Dan Garrett, but the second story was more significant. It revealed that the original 1940s Dan was reincarnated as the Silver Age version (minus his memories of his earlier existence) by some unspecified "gods", presumably the ones responsible for his mystic scarab. The gods subsequently resurrected Dan again and sent him off to save Ted Kord's life (leaving him a note saying simply, "Try not to get killed this time") After this adventure, Kord turned the Blue Beetle name back over to Dan. Americomics was canceled after issue #6, and so far this story has never been referenced by any other publisher.

DC Comics

The Charlton version of Dan Garrett was spotlighted in the second issue of DC's 1980s Secret Origins series, in which his origin was retold along with that of Ted Kord. Subsequent appearances by Dan Garrett (in flashback stories) include guest spots or cameos in Infinity, Inc. , Captain Atom , JLA: Year One , and Legends of the DC Universe.

The character briefly returned in DC Comics' first run of Blue Beetle, [15] resurrected by his mystical scarab to battle against his successor. He can also be seen in various flashback stories. His 1940s incarnation is briefly glimpsed in DC's 1993 limited series The Golden Age.

Dynamite Entertainment

In issue #0 of the Project Superpowers miniseries, the Fox Feature Syndicate version of the Blue Beetle appeared in flashbacks (as by now the character/spelling "Dan Garret" was in the public domain). [16] To avoid trademark conflicts with DC Comics, he is referred to in this series by the nickname "Big Blue". [17]

Legacy

It was eventually established that the Charlton Comics incarnation of the Dan Garrett Blue Beetle made his debut on August 14, 1939. [18] The Jaime Reyes Blue Beetle has met Daniel's granddaughter, Danielle, [19] and has also met Dan himself. [20]

In other media

Comic strip

The Blue Beetle had his own short-lived comic strip, drawn by a pseudonymous Jack Kirby and others. [21] [22]

Radio serial

Ad for the The Blue Beetle radio series Blue Beetle radio.jpg
Ad for the The Blue Beetle radio series

The Blue Beetle was a 1940 American radio series on CBS Radio, based on the popularity of the superhero comics character Blue Beetle. The serial was not largely successful, and only aired for about four months. The Blue Beetle had a short career on the radio, between May and September 1940. Just as in the comics, Blue Beetle was a young police officer who saw the need for extraordinary crime fighting. He took the task on himself by secretly donning a superhero costume to create fear in the criminals who were to learn to fear the Blue Beetle's wrath. Motion picture and radio actor Frank Lovejoy was the Blue Beetle for the first 13 episodes, while for the rest of the shows, the voice was provided by a different, uncredited actor. [23]

Film

Television

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References

  1. Wojtkoski's family supplied the online comics encyclopedia "The Lambiek Comiclopedia" supporting the Wojtkoski credit. Another artist, Charles Nicholas Cuidera, also created Blue Beetle stories later, and has claimed credit as the creator of Dan Gerret, but comics historians credit Wojtkoski.
    • Mougin, Lou. "Mystery Men Comics #1". Grand Comics Database . Retrieved June 22, 2007.
    • "Charles Nicholas". The Lambiek Comiclopedia. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  2. "Fox Feature Syndicate". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  3. The two initial Charlton runs were:
    • Mougin, Lou. "Blue Beetle (1955)". Grand Comics Database. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
    • "Blue Beetle (1964)". Grand Comics Database. Klein, Bob, Ramon Schenk (indexers). Retrieved September 17, 2010.CS1 maint: others (link)
  4. In the earliest Golden Age appearances and during the mid-1960s run by writer-artist Steve Ditko, the original Blue Beetle was referred to as Dan "Garret", spelled with one "t".
  5. "Program Today at the World's Fair". The New York Times . August 7, 1940. Retrieved April 7, 2013. Abstract; full article requires fee or subscription
  6. "The Blue Beetle (1939)". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  7. Nicholas, Charles (a). Mystery Men Comics 13(August 1940), Fox Feature Syndicate
  8. "The Origin and Legend of the Golden Age Blue Beetle". WonderworldComics.com. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
  9. "Digital Comic Museum > Blue Beetle 045". Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  10. "Early Jack Kirby, Chapter 2, Working for Fox". Simon and Kirby. 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  11. Old Time Radio Researchers Group, The Blue Beetle - Single Episodes , retrieved 2018-08-10
  12. "Digital Comic Museum > Blue Beetle". Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  13. Beatty, Scott (2008). "Blue Beetle". In Dougall, Alastair (ed.). The DC Comics Encyclopedia. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 57. ISBN   0-7566-4119-5.
  14. "The Blue Beetle (1964)". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on December 5, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
  15. Wein, Len  (w), Cullins, Paris  (a). "...And Death Shall Have No Dominion!"Blue Beetlev6, 18(November 1987), DC Comics
  16. Ross, Alex , Jim Krueger  (w),Ross, Alex (a). "Last Gleaming" Project Superpowers  0(January 2008), Dynamite Entertainment
  17. Ross, Alex,Jim Krueger (w),Paul, Carlos (a). "...Undimmed by Human Tears"Project Superpowers 4(June 2008),Dynamite Entertainment
  18. Johns, Geoff , Jeff Katz  (w),  Jurgens, Dan  (p),  Rapmund, Norm  (i). "52 Pick-Up, Chapter 2: Leggo My Ego" Booster Gold v2, 2(November 2007),DC Comics
  19. Giffen, Keith , John Rogers  (w), Rouleau, Duncan  (a). "Inside Man"Blue Beetlev7, 9(January 2007),DC Comics
  20. Johns, Geoff,Jeff Katz (w), Jurgens, Dan (p), Rapmund, Norm (i). "52 Pick-Up, Chapter 6: Meet the Beetles"Booster Goldv2, 6(March 2008),DC Comics
  21. "Early Jack Kirby, Chapter 2, Working for Fox". Simon and Kirby. 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  22. Old Time Radio Researchers Group, The Blue Beetle - Single Episodes , retrieved 2018-08-10
  23. "Blue Beetle | Old Time Radio". 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
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August 1939 (See also: Blue Beetle)
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