This article is about primarily all associated characters collectively known as "Doctor Fate" within mainstream comics. For original version of the character, see Doctor Fate (Kent Nelson). For the current version of the character, see Doctor Fate (Khalid Nassour). For the progenitor behind the Doctor Fate's power and occasional user of the codename in media and comics, see Nabu (comics).
Comics character
Doctor Fate
A modern and alternate design of Khalid Nassour as Doctor Fate. Art by Bernard Chang and Marcelo Maiolo0
Various mystical powers gained through the magical artifacts (Helmet of Fate, Amulet of Anubis, Cloak of Destiny); powers typically include spell-casting, eldritch blasts, illusion casting, astral projection, reality warping, elemental control etc.
Knowledge of the supernatural
Altered in-story information for adaptations to other media
Doctor Fate (also known as Fate) is the name of several legacysuperheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version was originally created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Howard Sherman, and debuted in More Fun Comics No. 55 (May 1940). At least eight different people have served as incarnations of the character within the mainstream DC Universe, with each new version attempting to reinvigorate the character for contemporary audiences.[7][8]
The original and most recognized version of Doctor Fate is Kent Nelson,[8] an archaeologist who was empowered by Nabu of the Lords of Order as a sorcerous hero and became a founding member of the Justice Society of America (JSA). Since the 1980s, the character has been subjected to various permanent and comic book deaths, creating a line of succeeding sorcerers. In 2015, the current version, Khalid Nassour, debuted as an Egyptian-AmericanMuslim sorcerer and physician (originally medical student) chosen and supported by ancient Egyptian deities, archangels, and Nabu, and this version of the character has received critical acclaim.[9][10] Other versions of the character include stepmother/stepson duo Eric and Linda Strauss, archaeologist Inza Cramer, smuggler Jared Stevens, the reincarnation of Hawkman and Hawkgirl's son Hector Hall, and former psychiatrist Kent V. Nelson.
While not reaching the same levels of iconic cultural recognition as Batman, Superman, or Wonder Woman, Doctor Fate remains one of DC Comic's most enduring and long-standing characters, known for their distinctive name and design.[8] The character often appears as a main character or major supporting character in various team-based comic book titles featuring the JSA, Justice League International, and Justice League Dark, and has had several solo comic book series.
The character has been adapted in various media, both in versions adapted from the comics as well as original versions. Kent Nelson notably appeared in the television series Smallville, in which he was portrayed by Brent Stait, and the DC Extended Universe film Black Adam, portrayed by Pierce Brosnan. Khalid Nassour has also been adapted in the Young Justice animated television series. Several versions of the character in that series were also based upon other DC characters, including Giovanni Zatara, Zatanna Zatara, and Traci Thirteen.
Creation
In a 1987 interview, Fox recalled the genesis behind Fate, stating, "Doctor Fate (I originally called him Doctor Droon, but the name was editorially changed) was one of my favorites. I created him and even sketched out the original costume he would wear – but that costume was changed by artists over the years, for one reason or another. To my knowledge, I wrote all the Dr. Fate yarns that appeared, up until 1968, when I left comic book writing to a great degree. I always liked the supernatural; I read Lovecraft, Derleth, Sax Rohmer, Howard, Clark Ashton Smith, Whitehead, all the others, Fate was a derivation from my imagination influenced by those writings"[11]
Publication history
Golden, Silver, and Bronze Age of Comics (1940–1985)
The original version of the character, Kent Nelson, first appeared in a self-titled six-page strip in More Fun Comics No. 55 (May 1940), during the Golden Age of Comic Books, created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Howard Sherman, who produced the first three years of monthly Doctor Fate stories.[12] Soon after, the character's origin was shown in More Fun Comics No. 67 (May 1941).[13] Stories during the Golden Age included his love interest, Inza, who was known variably throughout the Golden Age as Inza Cramer,[14] Inza Sanders,[15][16] and Inza Carmer.[17][18][19][20] When the Justice Society of America (JSA) was created for All Star Comics No. 3 (Winter 1940), Doctor Fate was one of the characters National Comics used for the joint venture with All-American Publications. He made his last appearance in that book in issue No. 21 (Summer 1944), virtually simultaneously with the end of his own strip in More Fun Comics No. 98 (July–August 1944).
The character later appeared in book such as the annual JSA/Justice League of America (JLA) team-ups in Justice League of America that began in 1963; in World's Finest Comics No. 201 (March 1971 and No. 208, December 1971); an appearance with Batman in The Brave and the Bold No. 156 (November 1979); and a solo story in 1st Issue Special No. 9 (December 1975), written by Martin Pasko and drawn by Walt Simonson. Doctor Fate and the rest of the JSA returned to All-Star Comics in 1976 in issue No. 58, beginning a two-year run that ended with issue No. 74 and Adventure Comics #461–462 in 1978. Adventure Comics No. 466 related the untold tale of the Justice Society's 1951 disbanding. During this period, Inza Cramer's name as such was amended.[21]
During the Bronze Age, the character's origin was retold in DC Special Series No. 10, and Doctor Fate again teamed up with Superman in DC Comics Presents No. 23 (July 1980). He later featured in a series of back-up stories running in The Flash from No. 306 (February 1982) to No. 313 (September 1982) written by Martin Pasko (aided by Steve Gerber from No. 310 to No. 313) and drawn by Keith Giffen.[22] In 1981,DC's All-Star Squadron elaborated upon the adventures of many World War II-era heroes, including Doctor Fate and the JSA. Doctor Fate made occasional modern-day appearances in Infinity, Inc. throughout 1984, the same year which witnessed the 22nd and final annual JSA/JLA team-up.[23] In 1985, DC collected the Doctor Fate back-up stories from The Flash, a retelling of Doctor Fate's origin by Paul Levitz, Joe Staton, and Michael Nasser originally published in Secret Origins of Super-Heroes (January 1978) (DC Special Series No. 10 in the indicia), the Pasko/Simonson Doctor Fate story from 1st Issue Special No. 9, and a Doctor Fate tale from More Fun Comics No. 56 (June 1940), in a three-issue limited series titled The Immortal Doctor Fate.
Doctor Fate later appeared in several issues of Crisis on Infinite Earths, joining various heroes from the DC Multiverse in battle against the Anti-Monitor and, later, Amethyst.[24][25] Despite the significant alterations to various histories resulting from the crisis, much of Kent Nelson's personal history remained largely unaffected, although some of the character's earlier stories during the Golden Age were retconned out.
Modern Age (1985–2011)
In 1987, the Doctor Fate limited series was released, featuring the debut of Eric and Linda Strauss. The characters would replace Kent Nelson, who is killed off in this series, as Doctor Fate.[26] A subsequent ongoing series focusing on Eric and Linda followed in the winter of 1988, wirh the first 24 issues written by J.M. DeMatteis and drawn by Shawn McManus. The series' premise featured the pair under the guidance of Nabu, who had inhabited Kent Nelson's body and taken his identity. The series also established a supporting cast for the characters and the concept of Kali Yuga among the Lords of Chaos and Order, a period where chaos reigns and order is defeated. It further established that the incarnations of Fate are the result of reincarnation cycles. During DeMatteis's run, the series experienced limited sales.[8] Doctor Fate would also appear in several other crossovers and miniseries at the time, including Millennium and Cosmic Odyssey. Both characters are killed off halfway into the series, replaced by resurrected Inza and Kent Nelson from issue No. 25 onward in 1991. The series ended with issue No. 41,[27] and following Zero Hour, both Kent and Inza were killed off.
A new incarnation, Jared Stevens, was introduced in a series called Fate, launched in the wake of Zero Hour in 1994.[28] The Doctor Fate character went through a radical redesign, dropping the "Doctor" title and gaining new weapons made from the previous related artifacts of Doctor Fate. Unlike prior depictions of the Doctor Fate character as a sorcerer, the character was instead a demon hunter.[29] Considered an unpopular re-imagining of the character,[7] the series was canceled after 23 issues in September 1996. The character then starred in The Book of Fate, written by Keith Giffen, which ran from February 1997 to January 1998 for 12 issues as part of DC's "Weirdoverse" imprint, and which rebooted the character's origins and adventures.
However, the revival of the JSA title in 1991 allowed an opportunity for the Doctor Fate character to be reworked, with Jared Stevens subsequently killed off.[30][31]
The next incarnation of Doctor Fate would come in the form of Hector Hall, the son of the Golden AgeHawkman and Hawkgirl, who is reincarnated due to the machinations of Mordru. A fan-favorite incarnation,[32] the character was featured in the JSA title and a five-issue Doctor Fate limited series in 2003.[33] Hector Hall was killed in the Day of Vengeance limited series in 2005 as part of the lead-in to the 2005 company-wide event crossover, Infinite Crisis.[34]
In early 2007, DC published a bi-weekly run of one-shots depicting the search for a new Doctor Fate. These were intended to be followed by a new Doctor Fate ongoing series in April 2007, written by Steve Gerber and illustrated by Paul Gulacy, featuring Kent V. Nelson.[8][35] However, the series was delayed due to extended production and creative difficulties. Gerber said in an interview for Newsarama that the story intended for the first arc of the Doctor Fate ongoing series had been reworked to serve as the main story for Countdown to Mystery, a dual-feature eight-issue miniseries with Eclipso as the second feature.[36] The first issue of Countdown to Mystery, with art by Justiniano and Walden Wong rather than Gulacy, was released in November 2007. Due to Gerber's death, the seventh issue was written by Adam Beechen using Gerber's notes. The final issue was written by Beechen, Gail Simone, Mark Waid, and Mark Evanier, who each wrote a different ending to the story.[37]
The character then appeared in the Reign in Hell miniseries[38] and in Justice Society of America (vol. 3) No. 30 (August 2009), featuring in the book until its cancellation with issue No. 54 in August 2011. During the series, writer Marc Guggenheim described Doctor Fate's role as a powerhouse but intended to flesh out the character.[39]
The New 52 and beyond (2011–present)
Textless cover of Doctor Fate #13 depicting both Kent Nelson and the newly created incarnation, Khalid Nassour, as Doctor Fate.
Following the events of the Flashpoint mini-series in 2011, DC's continuity was rebooted. As part of The New 52 initiative, an alternate version of Doctor Fate named Khalid Ben-Hassin was created by writer James Robinson[40] and artist Brett Booth. The character was featured in the Earth 2 ongoing series from No. 9 (February 2013) onwards.[41]
After the conclusion of the Convergence limited series in June 2015, DC launched a new Doctor Fate ongoing series, written by Paul Levitz and drawn by Sonny Liew as part of the DC You initiative, which saw an emphasis on "story over continuity", loosening the restrictions of continuity to allow for a diverse range of genres while some characters underwent status quo changes. The title focused on the newest and most recent incarnation of Doctor Fate, an Egyptian-American medical student named Khalid Nassour.[9] Created with an emphasis on diversity and inspired by Marvel Comics heroes Spider-Man and Doctor Strange,[42] the series also rebooted the Kent Nelson character, depicting him as a previous Doctor Fate, a mentor figure with some of his old history intact. The series ran for 18 issues, from June 2015 to November 2016.[43]
In 2018, DC launched a second Justice League Dark series written by James Tynion IV starring a new roster led by Wonder Woman. In this roster, Khalid and Kent Nelson were revealed to be eventual new members of the Justice League, originally acting as "advisors" in the team and becoming recurring characters. Khalid would eventually permanently become the new Doctor Fate instead of Kent Nelson in the "Lords of Order" storyline. Khalid would also receive a new redesign as Doctor Fate.[44] Kent Nelson would be later killed off in the "A Costly Trick of Magic" storyline, leaving Khalid Nassour as the sole Doctor Fate. While the original 2018 series was cancelled in 2020, the Justice League Dark series was re-purposed as a backup strip to the mainstream Justice League title. The storyline, written by Ram V, featured Khalid remaining a recurring member of the Justice League Dark subdivision.[45] Khalid would also appear in several crossovers with other comics such as Superman, Teen Titans Academy, and The Flash.
Beginning in 2021, Khalid Nassour would appear in major storylines such as the Justice League Dark: The Great Wickedness storyline, depicting a status quo change wherein the Helmet of Fate is damaged and is inhabited by a new entity.[46] Connected to the Future State crossover event depicting an older Khalid Nassour who has lived through the aftermath of the events of the "Great Wickedness" storyline, the entity is revealed to be the Egyptian goddess, Hauhhet.[46] Khalid would also play a role in the Justice League/Justice League Dark crossover. In late 2022, the Khalid concurrently appeared in the 2022 Justice Society of America comic and in several other notable crossovers such as Lazarus Planet and Dark Crisis on Infinite Earths. In Justice Society of America, the character's status quo from the previous Justice League Dark title carries over, with Khalid as a member of the JSA and playing a crucial role in defeating Per Degaton. The series would showcase different iterations of Doctor Fate as Degaton hunts the JSA across time[47] and later rectified the history of the character.[48]
In 2023, the Kent Nelson version is referenced in the Knight Terrors storyline[49] and the Khalid Nassour version appears in the Wonder Woman tie-tin.[50][51] In late 2023 and 2024, Kent would make appearances in various titles such as Green Lantern: Alan Scott and Jay Garrick: The Flash, the comic books taking place decades prior to the character's death in Justice League Dark. Khalid would also feature in the Absolute Power crossover, depicted as one of the heroes depowered by the machinations of Amanda Waller.
Character overview
Throughout the character's publication history, Doctor Fate is commonly depicted as a mystical legacy superhero empowered by magical patrons, although each version differs from the others.[13] After the New 52, the character was officially redefined as having been champions and mystic defenders from ancient Egypt who were vessels for Nabu.[29][52] Kent Nelson was the first to use the codename "Doctor Fate" and to exhibit a capacity for personal agency.[47]
Doctor Fate has primarily been associated with Kent Nelson and Khalid Nassour, who represent the most prominent incarnations of the character. In recent continuity, these two were recognized as the first and second individuals to take on the role after eons of inactivity from Nabu, with Kent Nelson established as the original Doctor Fate and Khalid Nassour introduced as his modern successor.[29][53][54]
Kent Nelson first became Doctor Fate in the 1940s.[55] Described as a kindly academic and a founding member of the Justice Society of America (JSA),[56] he is notable for his complex and antagonistic relationship with Nabu, who often works to supplant his will and personal agency.[57][58] Nelson is often depicted as an archaeologist, although the Golden Age version was also a physician.[13]
Khalid Nassour is a young, Muslim, Egyptian-American college graduate and the grandnephew of Kent Nelson.[52] Drawing inspiration from Marvel Comics' Doctor Strange and Spider-Man, he is introduced as a character grappling with the weight of his responsibilities, and embarking on a journey of self-discovery within a world reminiscent of Doctor Strange's mystical realm.[9][59] Khalid was a medical student until 2024, wherein the character was made slightly older and elevated into becoming a physician.[47][60]
After Kent Nelson's original death depicted in 1987 Doctor Fate mini-series, several other characters assumed the role. Their histories were retroactively removed following the New 52 reboot.[29] However, their histories were later referenced during Geoff Johns's 2024 Justice Society of America comic book series and run;[47][61] Eric and Linda Strauss were originally Nelson's immediate successors.[62] Following them were Inza Cramer,[63] Hector Hall, and Kent V. Nelson (the grand-nephew of Kent Nelson).
Eric and Linda Strauss
The original successors of Kent Nelson as Doctor Fate, both characters were ordinary individuals and, outside of their role as Doctor Fate, possessed no abilities of note.[62] Similar to Kent, both are considered agents of order advised by Nabu, who appropriated Kent's deceased body during their tenure, making them independent from Nabu's influence. The pair can mystically merge with one another to become an independent being known as Doctor Fate, with the artifacts instead manifesting only after the merging.[64]
Inza Cramer
An American archaeologist of British descent, Inza was first depicted as a partner and love interest of Kent Nelson who faced various martial rifts from Nabu's manipulations onto Kent and his hesitation in involving her in Doctor Fate-related activities.[57] Within the second Doctor Fate solo series, Cramer is depicted as being inadvertently an agent for the Lords of Chaos as Doctor Fate, using her chaos-powered magic for benevolent reasons.[63] Differing from previous incarnations before her, she is characterized using overwhelming power to simultaneously address both grander universal issues and more "local" issues (social inequality and poverty) in a district within New York City. A reoccurring conflict for the character is the moral and ethical usage of her powers, questioned often by her husband or friends.[65]
Jared Stevens
A version of the Doctor Fate character often considered unpopular,[7] the Stevens versions is radically different, referring to himself only simply as "Fate", is retroactively acknowledged as a demon hunter,[29] and doesn't use spell-casting powers like previous incarnations.[66] He is also referred to as an agent of for the Lords of Balance.[67] As Fate, the character investigates supernatural occurrences and possess powers to sense disturbances and the fates of others but is a controversial figure within the DC Universe, considered a person of interest to government agencies, the superhero community (i.e. the Justice League), and aspects of the supernatural community. This enmity is characterized especially prevalent among those like Alan Scott, whom was close to previous incarnations.[66]
Doctor Fate is most commonly empowered as an agent for the Lords of Order and battles the forces of evil.[13] Nabu is the most frequent patron and power behind various incarnations of Doctor Fate, noted for being a dissident and obsessive patron who often schemes to supplant and override the will of various incarnations; while the original Doctor Fate was gradually treated as a conduit for Nabu,[70] subsequent incarnations would be given more personal agency.[71] Other Lords of Order, such as Shat-Ru, also served as a patron of similar abilities but allowed the retention of agency.[72] At times, the Lords of Chaos also have empowered Doctor Fate to showcase chaos not being equal to evil.[65] In other instances, both groups or an affiliated subgroup (sometimes called the Lords of Balance) have also empowered Doctor Fate as an agent of balance,[71][67] serving in a similar capacity to battling evil but also to act as a check and balances between the affiliated groups.[67]
Since Khalid Nassour's debut in the 2015 Doctor Fate series, Egyptian deities have served as patrons in place of the Lords of Chaos and Order for the aforementioned incarnation. In this arrangement, Doctor Fate remained an agent of order but is guided by Bastet and Nabu (a disciple of Thoth) while the powers associated with Doctor Fate is instead supplied by Thoth[59] and later Hauhet, whom consolidates the role of being the guide and power behind Doctor Fate.[46] The Egyptian deities also work directly under the purview of the Presence and archangels, with the deities considered either a more powerful variant of jinns or fellow angels fashioning themselves as deities.[69][53]
Reputation
Although specific accolades of each incarnation vary, the Doctor Fate character is considered among the most powerful superheroes in the DC Universe.[73] Throughout the publication history of the character, specific descriptors of the character's expressed is sometimes consistent with one another; the original and Hector were both cited as among the "greatest living sorcerers" due to possessing the artifacts.[13][74] Similarly, Khalid and Hector are both comparable to noted sorceress Zatanna and alongside the Eric and Linda Strauss versions, are considered among the most powerful magic practitioners on Earth[75][76][64] while Kent and Inza shared the distinction of "one of the ten most powerful beings on Earth".[77] Uniquely, the Kent V. is expressed with the title of "Sorcerer Supreme" within comics.[78]
While all versions (sans Jared Stevens) are considerable in magical practice, Kent is often cited as the most formidable version and has been compared to later versions;[62] Eric and Linda were once stated to potentially surpass Kent in raw power but lacked his knowledge.[79][64] Hector was thought to be potentially more powerful than Nelson and all other past incarnations[71] while Inza was more talented. Khalid's comparisons ranged, from being lesser than other incarnation[29] to being either only inferior to Kent and Hector[61] or equal to Kent.[80] Kent V. was noted to be lacking in skill, having to obfuscate his true skills through the reputation of past incarnations,[81] and the Eric and Linda Strauss version in later stories were retroactively considered unremarkable.[82][62]
Fictional history
Release timeline
Debuts & histories of mainstream Doctor Fate Earth-Two continuity in green Post-COIE continuity in blue Current continuity in red
1940
'Kent Nelson, Nabu, and Inza debuts. Nelson is Doctor Fate
1941–1984
1985
Nelson, Nabu, and Cramer exists in a merged reality. Select stories are definitive adventures.
1986
1987
Eric and Linda Strauss debuts. Nelson is killed off.
1988–1990
1991
Eric and Linda are killed off. Nelson and Inza are ressurected. Inza is Doctor Fate.
1992–1993
1994
Jared is Fate Inza and Kent are killed off.
1995–1998
1999
Jared is killed off. Hector Hall debuts as Doctor Fate.
2000–2004
2005
Hector Hall is killed off Nabu is briefly Doctor Fate in place.
All previous Doctor Fate histories are rebooted. JSA characters are re-imagined into a rebooted Earth-2.
2013
Doctor Fate becomes a Earth-2 character Khalid Ben-Hassin debuts.
2014
2015
Doctor Fate/JSA in mainstream continuity resumes. Khalid Nassour debuts. Post-Flashpoint Kent Nelson first appears. Post-Flashpoint Nabu first appears.
2016
Khalid and Kent are concurrently Doctor Fate. Kent Nelson later becomes the main Doctor Fate again.
2017–2019
2020
Khalid is the main Doctor Fate once more. Kent is killed off again.
The character's original origin is partially revealed in All-Star Comics #3 (1940), written by Gardner Fox. In that appearance, Doctor Fate states that he is not human and had no childhood, but was created by elder gods and placed upon Earth to battle the forces of evil.[83]
In later stories, Kent Nelson is introduced as Doctor Fate's alter ego. The son of archaeologist Sven Nelson, Kent, as a child, encounters a comatose Nabu during an excavation and accidentally kills Sven by releasing poisonous gasses. Pitying the boy, Nabu explains that he is an immortal alien being from the planet Cilia, and takes Kent in to teach him the "secrets of the universe," raising him to adulthood to become Doctor Fate.[84] Later stories change aspects of Kent's background; one story establishes Kent as twelve years old during the incident, and shows Nabu altering Kent's mind and then slowly possessing him as Doctor Fate when Kent becomes an adult.[57][85] Another story portrays Nabu as callous and cold, seeing Kent as a mere vessel and aging him to adulthood with mystical mastery.[86]
As Doctor Fate, Nelson battles foes such as Wotan, Ian Karkul, and Khalis, accompanied by Inza Cramer, his girlfriend and later wife. Kent and Inza's relationship is often tested due to Nabu's interference and impact on her social life.[57]
In the late 1980s, an older Kent Nelson becomes a founding member of Justice League International but is killed off in 1987 in J. M. DeMatteis's Doctor Fate miniseries, which introduces his successors Eric and Linda Strauss.[88][29][89]
Eric and Linda Strauss's tenure (1987–1991)
In the 1987 Doctor Fate miniseries, 10-year-old Eric is chosen by Nabu and the Lords of Order to succeed Kent Nelson. Kent reluctantly agrees to step down, as his old age has weakened Doctor Fate's powers. As the new Doctor Fate, Eric faces Anti-Fate and Typhon, and eventually prevails when he and his stepmother, Linda, merge to defeat the pair. This reveals that the intended nature of Doctor Fate was always meant to be a merger of two vessels, but this fact was hidden by Nabu so that he could better control Kent throughout the years. Kent dies and the Strausses succeed him as Doctor Fate, although Kent's body remains, inhabited by Nabu, who acts as the Strausses' adviser.[90][29]
In the subsequent Doctor Fate ongoing series, Eric and Linda navigate odd occurrences while continuing their training as Doctor Fate, assisted by Petey the Demon (disguised in public as an ugly dog) and neighbor Jack C. Small, a lawyer. It is also revealed thar Eric and Linda have been reincarnated alongside one another in several lifetimes, subjected to familial, platonic, and even adversarial dynamics.[91] In the Cosmic Odyssey miniseries, Eric and Linda are merged as Doctor Fate and are called in by Batman to assist Darkseid, Highfather, and other heroes and villains in battling a sentient being made up of Anti-Life energies. The pair are successful in defeating the being with the help of Etrigan.[92] In 1991,the pair are eventually killed off in circumstances again involving Darkseid (retroactively revealed to be a disguised DeSaad) and Anti-Fate, respectively, but reincarnate into new lives, ending their tenure as Doctor Fate, which was said to have lasted for approximately a year.[91]
Inza Cramer's tenure (1991–1994)
For the remainder of the Doctor Fate ongoing series, both Kent and Inza Nelson are revived in younger bodies. Circumstances make Inza the new Doctor Fate (without Kent), and she focuses her heroism on social class issues and inequality in addition to fighting supernatural enemies. Inza appears in the War of the Gods miniseries and its crossovers alongside Wonder Woman and other superheroes, helping thwart Circe's efforts to destroy Earth.[93]
Jared Stevens' tenure as Fate (1994 - 1999)
In 1994, Jared Stevens' first origin story is depicted in early issues of the Fate series by John Francis Moore, which depict him being hired by Kent and Inza Nelson (elderly again following the events of Zero Hour) to retrieve the lost artifacts of Doctor Fate. The pair are killed by demons when they try to collect the artifacts, and Jared comes into contact with Nabu. Jared rejects Nabu's attempt to make him another Doctor Fate under his control, and he alters the forms of the artifacts. The power of the Amulet of Anubis is absorbed into Jared's body, the Helm is turned into a knife, and the Cloak of Destiny acts as bandages on his arm. Jared also drops the title "Doctor," and becomes, simply, Fate".[94]
In the 1997 series Book of Fate, Keith Giffen revises Fate's origin. In this new version, Kent and Inza Nelson instead deceive Stevens into taking the role of Fate, so that they may pass into the afterlife peacefully.[95]
In late 1999, in a story in JSA Secret Files (which leads into the "Justice Be Done" storyline by James Robinson and David S. Goyer in the JSA ongoing comic), Jared Stevens is killed and replaced by Hector Hall, the son of Hawkman and Hawkgirl, who is reincarnated as a new Doctor Fate and aged up from infancy by the villain Mordru. Hector battles and prevails over Mordru, aided by the spirits of Kent and Inza Nelson within the Amulet of Anubis.[96] Hector, as Doctor Fate, also appears in the Day of Judgement comic title and crossover, shown as a member of the Sentinels of Magic. Later, in the 2005 Day of Vengeance crossover, Hector is killed by the Spectre, who has been driven insane and is hunting all magic users, destroying the Lords of Chaos and Order in the process. Nabu then briefly acts as Doctor Fate without a human host, gathering other mystics to confront the Spectre. Fatally injured, Nabu succeeds in stopping the Spectre but dies. In his final moments, Nabu asks Captain Marvel to throw the helmet into space in hopes it will find a worthy bearer.[97][29]
In 2007, the Kent V. Nelson version of Doctor Fate is introduced by Steve Gerber in Countdown to Mystery. following Hector Hall's death. The grand-nephew of Kent Nelson (his namesake), Kent V. Nelson is a former psychiatrist whose life falls apart when his wife learns of his infidelity and he loses his license to practice from malpractice stemming from his depression. Kent dons the Helmet of Fate and assumes the role prior to the Final Crisis.[98][52] While new to the role, he assists magic users in the Reign in Hell storyline, before joining the Justice Society of America.[99][81][100][101][102]
In 2011, While Kent V. continues in the role, the original Kent Nelson's spirit appears to help Hal Jordan (Green Lantern) while the latter is stuck on a planet with no way to escape. Kent learns of his future death but chooses to save Hal, instead, despite Hal's protests.[103]
Following DC's linewide "New 52" reboot in 2012, the Kent V. Nelson version of the character, as well as Eric and Linda Strauss and Jared Stevens, are erased from continuity.[29] In 2015, Doctor Fate is re-imagined by Paul Levitz as 22-year old biracialEgyptian-American Khalid Nassour, who is Muslim, a descendant of a line of pharaohs, and a medical student. In his debut story, he inherits the mantle of Doctor Fate from ancient Egyptian deities and archangels alike in order to oppose Anubis, while retaining full personal agency.[104][59] In subsequent stories, it is later revealed that he is connected to the Nelson bloodline through his mother, who is described to be Kent Nelson's favorite niece and who was inspired to become an towards archaeologist by Kent. An elderly Kent also resumes the role and mentors Khalid, with both characters acting as Doctor Fate concurrently,[69] Nelson later takes over the role entirely, with Nabu also briefly usurping it and appearing in crossovers such as 2017's Dark Nights: Metal.[105][106]
In the 2018 series Justice League Dark, Nabu attempts to use Nelson's body and conspire with other Lords of Order to destroy the source of magic. While Nabu controls Kent and entraps Khalid in a vase, Wonder Woman's newly formed Justice League Dark ultimately stops him and Man-Bat frees Khalid. Disillusioned, Kent refuses to become Doctor Fate again, but circumstances involving Circe's Injustice League Dark and her covert attack on the team allow Khalid to become Doctor Fate once more, retaining his personal agency as before and becoming the sole bearer of the Fate identity.[107][58] A revised version of Inza also appeared briefly in the second Justice League Dark series in a flashback, suggesting that her history is similar to prior depictions, in which she acted as the partner of Kent Nelson and the pair faced strains on their marriage due to his role as Doctor Fate.[58]
As the sole Doctor Fate, Khalid becomes a member of Justice League Dark,[52] and is instrumental in restoring balance between the elemental forces of the DC Universe and the eventual defeat of Upside-Down Man (during which Kent Nelson sacrifices himself to deal a powerful blow).[108] Khalid has since adopted non-binary animated effigy Stich as both child and apprentice in the mystic arts and helped battle an evil Merlin.[109] The goddess Hauhet is revealed to have replaced Nabu and grants Khalid the power to see into the future.[46] Khalid joins the Justice Society of America and assists in defeating Pariah and the Great Darkness, but is later himself defeated by Nezha, with his helm stolen for a time. However, his helm is eventuallt rescued by Dreamer.[110][111][112][113] He also later helps the team and time-traveler Helena Wayne (the Huntress) defeat an empowered Per Degaton during latter's attempt to subvert the JSA's existence.[114]
Discrepancies arise from the storyline's recounting of the DC Universe's timeline, placing events like "Zero Hour" eight years earlier and the 2015 Doctor Fate series one year prior.[47] However, Khalid's appearances in other titles, especially Justice League Dark,[115][54] suggest a tenure longer than four years, as he is depicted as a medical school graduate and as a first-year resident physician.[54] Also, Fate's injury from Extant during Zero Hour remains unclear, as it is uncertain whether it affected Kent Nelson alone or if it occurred during a joint fusion between Inza and Kent as previously depicted.[116]
Khalid later meets Salem the Witch Girl, a young, arrogant sidekick of Kent Nelson who was erased from time, and who is initially hostile. He leaves her in the care of the JSA, and ventures to the future to unearth a plot involving Eclipso and a teenaged version of Mordru.[47] Khalid also sees the events of "Knight Terrors" unfold and was present in the Absolute Power crossover.[117][118] He is later a member of the rebranded Justice League Unlimited, and battles a new Injustice Society alongside the JSA.[119]
Powers, abilities, and resources
Most incarnations of Doctor Fate are widely regarded as powerful sorcerers possessing a collection of magical artifacts that can empower individuals of limited supernatural skill with substantial mystical power,[3][62] while experienced incarnations possess a godlike level of magical power and knowledge.[29][70] These artifacts also serve a dual purpose of enhancing inherent magical powers and acting as protective measures.[120] Unlike conventional magic practitioners, incarnations can achieve mystic feats by visualization and willing it to take place rather than casting spells[121] although they're capable of doing so, considered nearly unmatched when trained.[29]
Inza Cramer
Inza is a skilled archaeologist, possessing acute knowledge in the occult and a martial artist.[122]
Jared Stevens
Being more akin to a demon hunter,[29] Stevens possessed mystic alterations from the Lords of Chaos and Order that granted him an enhanced physiology which included a healing factor and the power to see the fate of others through his eye accompanied by an ankh. Jared lacked magical spell-casting and re-purposed the helm in the form of a knife ("Mystic Dagger of Nabu") and ankh-shaped darts, retaining its limitless magical power. It instead serving as an impervious weapon capable of hurting supernatural beings.[123][124] He alco can telepathically control its movements and trajectory when thrown.[124] Early portrayals of the character also made him immune to magic although later iterations lacked this power. Stevens is also a skilled combatant and possess various skills, including hot-wiring.
Mystical artifacts and resources
The Amulet of Anubis is a significant artifact, having various origins. One account states that it was created by Anubis and initially possessed by Khalis before being claimed by Nabu.[57] Another origin story suggests that the amulet was crafted from the remnants of Cilia, connecting it to the Lords of Order.[125] Regardless, the amulet bestows various powers, which includes resistance to psychic and astral probing, mind control, and magical power enhancement,[57]necromancy[126] and contains its own separate universe apt for trapping entities.[55][125] The similar Amulet of Thoth is a separate[60] artifact more associated with the current version of Doctor Fate despite the design being the same.[59] Although its complete abilities has yet to be explored, its abilities includes acting as a focus for magic and possess protective charms disallowing use from others.[60][69] The Cloak of Destiny, adorned often, is a cape which possess magical qualities that grants the user several powers such as invulnerability, superhuman strength, and flight.[127] It is also fireproof and counters the magical abilities originating form the Lords of Chaos.[128][129]
Others include the Orb of Nabu, serving as a scrying glass and allows him Fate search for hidden threats by reacting to his brainwaves. Although not explicitly magical, it provides valuable insights for the bearers[130] In addition to possessing powerful mystical artifacts, Doctor Fate has access to various resources, including the Tower of Fate. This fictional structure serves as Doctor Fate's primary dwelling and is considered a nexus point of magic and reality on Earth. The tower is only accessible through magic and lacks doors or windows.[52] Inside, it appears as a twisted maze of stairways and hallways where the laws of physics do not apply. The Tower of Fate houses a vast personal library containing arcane texts, including materials salvaged from the Library of Alexandria. It is fortified with mystical defenses.[131] Doctor Fate also possesses the Book of Fate, a tome that contains a comprehensive history and knowledge of the Lords of Chaos and Order, predominantly from the perspective of the latter.[76]
Helmet of Fate
The Helmet of Fate bestows its wearer with extraordinary god-like abilities and is widely regarded as one of the most potent artifacts in existence. Constructed from Nth metal, the helmet possesses inherent mystical properties and possesses the unique ability to counteract and negate magical forces.[105] Whether guided by the residing spirit within the helm or through the helm's own discernment, the artifact is typically accessible only to individuals deemed worthy by its judgment.[62]
Throughout the publication history of Doctor Fate, the portrayal of the helm's source and methodology of power has undergone various changes, dependent on the incarnation of:
His powers were originally described as being from "unknown science of the weird and occult" and having learned " the true conversation of energy into matter, and matter into energy" and was an "alchemist and physicist extraordinaire".[132] Later, Nelson's abilities were supernatural and the helm allowed him to perform "virtually" any mystical feat.[133] His method was described as being imaginative-based in casting.[134] Nelson could also see the fate of others.[114]
Eric/Linda Strauss
Eric and Linda could merge with one another to become a more powerful, singular entity.[64] The pair could also act individually but their powered were halved.[135]
Inza Cramer
Her powers were originally derived from chaos magic and then life energies, both allowing similar powers to Kent in which she performs imaginative-based casting. Like the Strauss family, she can also merge with Kent to form a singular entity known as "Doctor Fate".[65]
Hector Hall
Hector Hall commanded a vast array of magical spells, "eldritch formulae", and was advised by Nabu's suggestions (which came in the form of a whisper while worn) from the helm.[71] Much of his spells were vebal-based.[136]
Similar to Marvel Comics' Doctor Strange,[137] he used a consistent set of spells and charms and could draw from a library of spells within the helm but lacked connections to the Lords of Chaos and Order.[81][137]
His magical powers are derived from classical elements and willpower, allowing him to manipulate the former and use them as a source of power to perform magic.[59][52][29] He is also advised by the guiding spirit within the helm (Nabu, Hauhet), the latter able to allow him to see eternity (which included the future).[138][114][115]
Weaknesses
While Doctor Fate is a powerful sorcerer, the character has some weaknesses and limitations to their power. The character is explicitly inferior to the Spectre in power.[133] It is also expressed Doctor Fate cannot cast counter spells against him due to a condition regarding the "rules of magic".[29] The physical age of an incarnation also impacts their ability, with older incarnations diminishing in power over time while a younger versions' inexperience hampers mastery of their magical abilities.[139][59] Additionally, some incarnations of the character are dependent on the Helmet of Fate as the source of their power.[81]
Some limitations are also specific to an incarnation: Inza Cramer's usage of magic puts her mental state is at risk due to a lack of formal training as Doctor Fate,[140] Kent V. lacked the helm granting him innate knowledge of magic and the pocket dimension,[35] Kent Nelson expressed a vulnerability to alien energies due to his magic rooted in Earth's culture,[141] Khalid Nassour's healing abilities are disrupted by divine and spiritual forces,[69] and Hector was vulnerable should his connection to Nabu's suggestions be disrupted, disallowing him to utilize spells, or he is silenced verbally.[136][142]
Despite its durable nature, the Helmet of Fate is not impervious to damage. It has shown vulnerability to abilities originating from powerful entities (ex. Arion and Brimstone), some which included potent forms of Atlantean magic, power from higher beings such as the Spectre, and advanced applications of the Firestorm matrix, requiring regeneration. It can also experience overload in special circumstances, resulting in temporary limitations and the inertness of certain powers.[143][106][108]
As a character, Doctor Fate has established himself as one of DC Comics' enduring figures, although not reaching the same level of cultural recognition as iconic characters like Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman or The Flash. According to Wizard Magazine, Doctor Fate's notable strengths lie in his name, distinctive design, and the recurring motif of the Helmet of Fate. While the character has experienced various cancellations over time, they have also been the focus of multiple miniseries and ongoing series.[8]
Several versions of the character have critical acclaim; the Hector Hall version was considered a fan-favorite during the 1999 JSA run[32] and the Khalid Nassour incarnation was well-received among critics and was compared to Marvel Comics' Kamala Khan as representing an underrepresented demographic while also praising his design and incorporation of Egyptian elements compared to Greek/Roman.[10] The character's portrayal by Pierce Brosnan in Black Adam was also received well and was once slated to eventually appear again in the DC Extended Universe due to his popularity prior to James Gunn's appointment as creative head for DC Studios.[144]
Criticisms
Despite the character's relative success, several criticisms arise throughout their publication history. In a noted example, the Jared Stevens version was panned due to his design and departure from the common elements of the character.[7] Other criticisms included the character's connections to Egypt and portrayal of abilities.[145][146]
Egyptian representation
The character's connection to Egypt has been subjected to various criticisms in recent years, with the Ben-Hassin and Nassour versions similarly created to be explicitly of Egyptian heritage to rectify this. James Robinson's creation of Ben-Hassin was also made to avoid an offensive characterization, opting to make the character Egyptian-American.[145] Similarly, Paul Levitz also made Nassour of the same background and expressed it made more sense, and believed the earlier versions to be a product of its time when writers could not write in detail about ethnicity and religion.[147]
Nassour's characterization and role in various storylines has also been subjected to criticism; Jessica Plumber believed a Muslim writer would have made the character more authentic in representing a Muslim character and found Khalid's fate being "reduced" to a hieroglyphic in a vase during the Tynion's Justice League Dark run ironic due to being a Doctor Fate of Egyptian descent.[10] Adrienne Resha also noted his portrayal in the same series, believing the character to be sidelined in favor of other characters despite being the only clearly identifiable person of color on the team and frequently invoking Egypt's past and mythology instead of its current history and events.[148] Comic historian Tim Hanley also believed Nassour to be an example among the characters of color often becoming secondary characters who are sidelined, featured only as backlist team members, or fade into obscurity.[149]
Portrayal of abilities
Throughout the character's history, Doctor Fate's depiction concerning his abilities has garnered various criticisms from writers; Steve Gerber was critical of the character's abilities prior to 2007 pointing out the character's inconsistent power level, which posed challenges for writers in defining the character effectively. Moreover, Gerber expressed reservations about the recurring element of the Nabu entity controlling Doctor Fate, as he believed it hindered the character's ability to form meaningful connections. Additionally, Gerber advocated for an original interpretation of magic, akin to the approach taken with Marvel's Doctor Strange, rather than Doctor Fate's association with Egyptian mythology and believed the character's history to be among the most convoluted. He sought to address this with the Kent V. Nelson incarnation of the character.[146][137]
During his run in the Justice Society of America comic book title, Marc Guggenheim opined a tendency for magical-oriented characters to cease being characters ("people") and become a set of powers. With the Kent V. Nelson version of the character, he sought to characterize Doctor Fate into a more "three-dimensional character".[39] James Robinson also stated how despite the reoccurring theme of a "cost" to magic, Doctor Fate's magical powers "feels and certainly looks no different than a blast of energy from Green Lantern's ring. It's just energy that gets fired."[145]
Critical response
ScreenRant included Doctor Fate in their "The 10 Most Powerful Wizards".[150]
Doctor Fate was included in CBR's "Top 50 DC Characters".[151]
Ashley Land of CBR included Doctor Fate in their "Greatest Supernatural DC Heroes".[152]
In 1998, Wizard Magazine published an article in which included Doctor Fate in their "All-Wizard Team", which consisted of a list of the most powerful, versatile heroes in a respective field.[153]
Kent Nelson's incarnation of Doctor Fate is among several to appear in Young Justice. Kent Nelson (voiced by Ed Asner) is a retired member of the Justice Society of America and mentor to Giovanni Zatara who ceased being Nabu's host due to its effects on Nelson's marriage. Klarion later kills Nelson, with his spirit inhabiting the Helmet of Fate.
The Kent Nelson incarnation of Doctor Fate appears as a playable character in Injustice 2, voiced by David Sobolov.[159]
The Kent Nelson incarnation of Doctor Fate appears as a playable character in Lego DC Super-Villains.
Other
Doctor Fate appears in the DC Heroes United interactive streaming series. This version's Doctor Fate is a guardian of the balance between fate and chaos and is alternatively supported by the entities known as the Moirai, the personification of fate in Greek mythology.
Inza Cramer appears in Smallville, portrayed by Erica Carrol.[161]
Inza Cramer makes non-speaking cameo appearances in Young Justice.
Inza Cramer makes a non-speaking cameo appearance in Doctor Fate's ending in Injustice 2.
Other appearances
Television
Alongside Kent Nelson, other incarnations of Doctor Fate also appear in Young Justice.
Nabu (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson)[162] was originally a son of Vandal Savage who was regarded in Mesopotamian mythology as Marduk and a god of wisdom before he was killed by Klarion the Witch Boy and became a Lord of Order. Following this, Nabu must anchor himself to Earth via a physical host, whom he completely overwrites as a requirement for those who bear his helm, and has taken many hosts over the succeeding millennia.
The Team later obtains the Helmet of Fate, which is used by members Aqualad and Kid Flash in certain situations. After Zatanna dons the helmet to fight Klarion, Nabu refuses to relinquish her until Zatara convinces Nabu to take him instead. In season four, Zatanna forms the Sentinels of Magic, which includes Khalid Nassour (voiced by Usman Ally) and Traci Thurston (voiced by Lauren Tom), to free Zatara and convince Nabu to alternate between all of them.
Film
An original incarnation of Doctor Fate named Steel Maxum appears in Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay, voiced by Greg Grunberg. He was chosen by Nabu for his fitness until Scandal Savage and Knockout stole a "Get Out of Hell Free" card from him. In response, Nabu ousted Maxum from the Tower of Fate for his recklessness and irresponsibility and replaced him with "some chick" according to Maxum. In the present, Maxum joins a male strip club as the "Pharaoh" before he is simultaneously confronted by the Suicide Squad and Professor Zoom and his henchmen, Silver Banshee and Blockbuster. While Silver Banshee knocks him unconscious, the squad retrieves and escapes with Maxum. After regaining consciousness, he explains how the card works before the squad leave him on the streets, where Zoom's henchmen catch him.
The Helmet of Fate makes a cameo appearance in the Constantine episode "Non Est Asylum".[164]
References
↑ Guggenheim, Marc (2012). Justice Society of America: Monument Point. Tom Derenick, Michael Atiyeh, Rob Leigh, Felipe Massafera. New York: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-4012-3368-6. OCLC776702193.
1 2 3 4 5 Beatty, Scott; Wallace, Dan (2008). The DC Comics Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Characters of the DC Universe. New York: DK Publishing. p.103. ISBN978-0-7566-4119-1.
↑ Riley, Shannon E. (May 2013). "A Matter of (Dr.) Fate Martin Pasko and Keith Giffen Discuss Their Magical Flash Backup Series". Back Issue! (64): 64–68.
↑ Justice League of America #231–232 (October–November 1984). DC Comics.
↑ Wolfman, Marv (1998). Crisis on infinite Earths. Marv Wolfman, George Pérez, Dick Giordano, Mike De Carlo, Jerry Ordway. New York: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-56389-750-4. OCLC45710231.
↑ Doctor Fate #1–4 (July–October 1987). DC Comics.
↑ Doctor Fate (vol. 2) No. 41 (June 1992). DC Comics
1 2 3 4 5 6 Manning, Matthew K.; Wiacek, Stephen; Scott, Melanie; Jones, Nick; Walker, Landry Q.; Cowsill, Alan (2021). The DC comics encyclopedia: the definitive guide to the characters of the DC universe (Newed.). New York City: DK Publishing. ISBN978-0-7440-2056-4. OCLC1253363543.
1 2 3 Levitz, Paul (2017). Doctor Fate. Volume 3, Fateful threads. Sonny Liew, Brendan McCarthy, Ibrahim Moustafa, Inaki Miranda, Breno Tamura, Lee Loughridge. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-4012-7241-8. OCLC956957419.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
1 2 3 Tynion, James IV (2020). Justice League Dark. Vol. 3, The witching war. Alvaro Martinez, Fernando Blanco, Javi Fernandez, Raul Fernandez, Brad Anderson, John Kalisz. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-77950-034-2. OCLC1133663808.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
1 2 JSA Secret Files and Origins #1. DC Comics. 1999.
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1 2 3 Tynion, James IV (2019). Justice League Dark. Vol. 2, Lords of order. Ram V, Alvaro Martinez, Guillem March, Daniel Sampere, Mark Buckingham, Miguel Mendonça. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-4012-9460-1. OCLC1110150328.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Day of Judgement: Secret Filles and Origin #1. DC Comics. 2000.
↑ Kelly, Joe (2003). JLA. The Obsidian age. Book One. Doug Mahnke, Yvel Guichet. New York, NY: DC Comics. ISBN1-56389-991-4. OCLC52351767.
1 2 Bendis, Brian Michael (2022). Justice League #72-74 "Leagues of Chaos Part 1-3". DC Comics.
↑ Who's Who in the DC Universe #9. DC Comics. 1991.
↑ Guggenheim, Marc (2012). Justice Society of America: Monument Point. Tom Derenick, Michael Atiyeh, Rob Leigh, Felipe Massafera. New York: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-4012-3368-6. OCLC776702193.
↑ DC Heroes Role-Playing Game, 2nd Ed. Mayfair Games Inc. 1989.
1 2 3 4 Willingham, Bill (2010). Justice Society of America: axis of evil. Travis Moore, Jesús. Merino, Dan Green, Jesse Delperdang. New York: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-4012-2901-6. OCLC567099447.
↑ DeMattis, J.M. (1989). Doctor Fate #1-#4. DC Comics.
↑ Manning, Matthew K.; Wiacek, Stephen; Scott, Melanie; Jones, Nick; Walker, Landry Q.; Cowsill, Alan (2021). The DC comics encyclopedia: the definitive guide to the characters of the DC universe (Newed.). New York, New York: DK Publishing. ISBN978-0-7440-2056-4. OCLC1253363543.
↑ DeMattis, J.M. (1987). Doctor Fate #1-#4. DC Comics.
1 2 DeMatteis, J. M. (w) (1989-12-12). Doctor Fate (1988) #13. DC Comics.
1 2 Snyder, Scott (2019). Dark nights: metal. Greg Capullo, Jonathan Glapion, Fco Plascencia, Mikel Janín, Jorge Jiménez, Doug Mahnke, Alejandro Sánchez, Wil Quintana, Steve Wands. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-4012-8858-7. OCLC1061866233.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
1 2 Giffen, Keith (2017). Hard choices. J. M. DeMatteis, Scott Kolins, Romulo Fajardo, Josh Reed. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-4012-7507-5. OCLC837140933.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Tynion, James IV (2019). The last age of magic. Alvaro Martinez, Daniel Sampere, Raul Fernandez, Juan Albarran, Brad Anderson, Adriano Lucas. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-4012-8811-2. OCLC1080251699.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
1 2 V, Ram (2021). A costly trick of magic. James, IV Tynion, Amancay Nahuelpan, Kyle Hotz, Álvaro Martínez Bueno, Raul Fernandez, June Chung. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-77950-714-3. OCLC1198086664.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Sheridan, Tim (2022). X marks the spot. Robbie Thompson, Rafa Sandoval, Jordi Tarragona, Steve Lieber, Alejandro Sánchez, Dave Stewart. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-77951-281-9. OCLC1273424253.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Williamson, Joshua (2022). Dark Crisis #1. DC Comics.
↑ Williamson, Joshua (2022). Dark Crisis #3. DC Comics.
↑ Maines, Nicole (2023). Lazarus Planet: Assault on Krypton #1. DC Comics.
↑ Waid, Mark (2023). Lazarus Planet #1: Alpha. DC Comics.
1 2 Bendis, Brian Michael (2021). Superman: Mythological. Ivan Reis, Kevin Maguire, John Timms, Danny Miki, Joe Prado, Oclair Albert. Burbank, CA. ISBN978-1-77950-572-9. OCLC1238130236.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Justice Society of America (vol. 4) No. 2. DC Comics.
↑ Fox, Garnder (1940). More Fun Comics #57. DC Comics.
↑ Giffen, Keith (1997). The Book of Fate #3. DC Comics.
↑ Fox, Gardner F. (c. 2007). The golden age Doctor Fate archives. Volume 1. Howard Sherman. New York, N.Y.: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-4012-1348-0. OCLC144226065.
↑ Goyer, David S. (2002). JLA, JSA: virtue and vice. Geoff Johns, Jesús Merino, Carlos Pacheco. New York. ISBN1-56389-937-X. OCLC51448984.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ "Inza Voices (DC Universe)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved July 13, 2024. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
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