Polaris fritillary | |
---|---|
Boloria polaris in Seitz 71e | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Nymphalidae |
Genus: | Boloria |
Species: | B. polaris |
Binomial name | |
Boloria polaris Boisduval, 1828 | |
Boloria polaris, the Polaris fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in northernmost Scandinavia, North America (in northeastern Alaska and northern Canada) and in Greenland. It is also found in northeastern Russia and across the Palearctic to Chukotka. It is one of only six butterfly species found on Canada's Ellesmere Island.
The wingspan is 32–38 mm. A. polaris Bsd. (71e). Similar to the preceding species [ freija ], but more variable, the hindwing beneath more variegated, the black median band of the forewing above heavy, deep black, deeply sinuous proximally. In the marginal area regular rows of submarginal spots. The forewing beneath almost as distinctly marked with black as above, but paler. On the hindwing beneath the ground is marked with mother-of-pearl in the basal area and the narrow band which separates the central from the marginal area bears silvery teeth. —In Norway, Finland, Lapponia, in July and August. The butterfly flies from June to August depending on the location. [1]
The species is characterized by a two-year development. The flight time of butterflies is in late June - mid-July. Butterflies that live in the mountain tundra usually stay near rocky areas. In the meadow tundra, they often feed on astragalus ( Astragalus ), wild rosemary ( Ledum ), dryad ( Dryas ). Females lay eggs singly or in groups of up to 20 eggs on caterpillar food plants. The egg stage lasts just over two weeks. Caterpillars feed on flowers and leaves. They hibernate under stones or moss twice: after hatching and being at the fourth age. Before the first wintering, the caterpillars do not feed. Caterpillar food plants: Dryas octopetala ,' Vaccínium myrtíllus , Vaccínium uliginósum and Vaccinium sp. [2]
The following subspecies are recognized:
Polaris (from Latin) - polar.
The green hairstreak is a small butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
The white-letter hairstreak is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
The pearl-bordered fritillary is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae found in Europe and through Russia across the Palearctic to the north of Kazakhstan.
Aporia crataegi, the black-veined white, is a large butterfly of the family Pieridae. A. crataegi is widespread and common. Its range extends from northwest Africa in the west to Transcaucasia and across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan in the east. In the south, it is found in Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Syria. It is not usually present in the British Isles or northern Scandinavia.
The Niobe fritillary is a species of butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
Polyommatus eros, the Eros blue or common meadow blue, is a species of blue butterfly found in the Palearctic.
The black arches or nun moth is a small Palaearctic moth. It is considered a forest pest.
Erebia medusa, the woodland ringlet, is a member of the subfamily Satyrinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Phragmatobia fuliginosa, the ruby tiger, is a moth of the family Erebidae.
Boloria dia, the Weaver's fritillary or violet fritillary, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. The name Weaver's fritillary is in honor of Richard Weaver, an English insect collector who claimed to have obtained the specimen within ten miles of Birmingham around 1820. However, B. dia is very rare in England and the few specimens known from there are thought to be from possibly accidental introductions.
Boloria eunomia, the bog fritillary or ocellate bog fritillary is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Boloria titania, the Titania's fritillary or purple bog fritillary, is a butterfly of the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae.
Agriades optilete, the cranberry blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in north eastern Europe, the Alps, North Asia, Japan, Korea and north western North America.
Calliteara pudibunda, the pale tussock, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The Dutch common name for the moth (Meriansborstel) comes from the butterfly and insect painter Maria Sibylla Merian. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is found in Asia and Europe.
Boloria frigga, the Frigga fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae with a circumboreal distribution. It occurs in bogs and tundra in Northern Europe to the north of 60° N, very locally in more southern locations, as well as in the Urals, Siberia, Northern Mongolia, the Russian Far East, western parts of the United States and Canada.
Boloria freija, the Freija fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae with a circumboreal distribution. It occurs in bogs and tundra. Its range includes Northern Europe to the north of 60° N, occasionally more southern locations, the Urals, Siberia, the Russian Far East, mountains of northern Mongolia and Hokkaido, as well as North America, extending in the Rocky Mountains to 35° N.
Boloria pales, the shepherd's fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees through the Alps and Apennine Mountains east to the Balkan, Carpathian Mountains, the Caucasus and central Asia up to western China.
Euphydryas iduna is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.
Boloria angarensis is a small butterfly found in the Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.
Boloria oscarus is a small butterfly found in the East Palearctic that belongs to the browns family.