Early life and education
Born in Norwich,New York,Campbell moved to Washington,D.C.,after completing high school and began working for a succession of politicians,including for United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,Robert C. Weaver,as a clerk-stenographer from 1965 to 1967. She then worked as a clerk for the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations from 1967 to 1969. She joined the office of Harold Hughes as a caseworker from 1969 to 1974. Her work for Hughes brought her to Iowa,where she took a job with John Culver as a field office coordinator from 1974 to 1981.
During her time working for Culver,Campbell pursued her undergraduate degree,earning a bachelor's degree from Drake University in 1982. She subsequently earned a Juris Doctor degree from Drake University Law School in 1984. She worked as a lawyer in private practice in Iowa from 1985 to 1991,and also was the chairwoman of the Iowa Democratic Party from 1987 until 1991. [1]
Career
In 1990,Campbell won election as Iowa's attorney general as a Democrat,defeating her Republican opponent,Ed Kelly. She is known most during her time as attorney general for having written an anti-stalking law that became a national blueprint. [2] In 1994,Campbell ran for governor but lost to incumbent Terry Branstad. On March 21,1995,Bill Clinton appointed Campbell to head the United States Department of Justice's newly created Office on Violence Against Women. [3] [4]
In 1997, Time magazine named Campbell one of the magazine's 25 most influential Americans. [5]
Nomination to the Eighth Circuit
On March 2,2000,President Clinton nominated Campbell to the Eighth Circuit vacancy created by the retirement of George Gardner Fagg. [6] The Eighth Circuit was and is the least gender diverse of all the circuits,having had only two women judges,Diana Murphy and Jane Kelly. [7] While she had the official backing of both Democrat Tom Harkin and Chuck Grassley, [8] Campbell had supported Bill Clinton rather than Tom Harkin in the presidential race. Republicans in the Senate targeted her nomination,noting that she had angered Christian conservatives during her 1994 gubernatorial run by saying,"I hate to call them Christian because I am Christian,and I hate to call them religious,because they're not,so I'll call them the radical right." [9]
While the Senate Committee on the Judiciary did conduct a hearing on her judicial nomination on May 25,2000,with less than eight months remaining before Clinton's presidency ended,the Republican-led Committee never voted on her nomination,preventing the Senate from ever taking a full voice vote. Clinton renominated her on January 3,2001,but her nomination was returned by newly elected president George W. Bush on March 20,2001,along with 61 other executive and judicial nominations Clinton had made. Michael Joseph Melloy was eventually nominated by Bush,and was confirmed by the Senate on February 11,2002. [10]
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