Borofutus

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Borofutus
Borofutus dhakanus.JPG
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Borofutus

Hosen & Zhu L.Yang (2012)
Type species
Borofutus dhakanus
Hosen & Zhu L.Yang (2012)

Borofutus is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. Newly described in 2012, it is monotypic, containing the single species Borofutus dhakanus, found in tropical Asia. The generic name Borofutus derives from the Bengali language, and means "large pore", while dhakanus refers to the type locality in Gazipur, Dhaka Division, Bhawal National Park, in Bangladesh. Molecular analysis shows Borofutus to be closely related to Spongiforma . [1]

Generic concept of Borofutus

Borofutus is a monotypic genus in the family Boletaceae and first described from the tropical region of Bangladesh. Basidiomata epigeous, stipitate-pileate with tubular hymenophore. Pileus covered with squamules. Hymenophore subdecurrent, broadly tubular; pores up to 2–6 mm wide, pallid to cream when young, becoming yellowish to golden brown at maturity. Stipe central, covered with squamules but apical part glabrous, upper half ribbed by the subdecurrent lines of the hymenophore or confined to apex; basal mycelium whitish. Context pallid to light yellowish, usually unchanging in color when cut but turning pale reddish to pale reddish purple in some areas over the course of 1–2 h. Basidiospores purple to purplish red in H2O, purplish violet in 5% KOH, boletoid to somewhat amygdaliform, slightly thick-walled; minutely verrucose under light microscope but with regular to irregular shallow pits under SEM. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia lageniform, thick-walled. Pileipellis a trichoderm, becoming a subcutis when mature. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Mycorrhizal association with the monodominant stands of Shorea robusta in Bangladesh.[ citation needed ]

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The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface, instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete . A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes.

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Psilocybe plutonia is a small psilocybin mushroom of the family Hymenogastraceae, believed to contain psilocybin and psilocin. It was first documented from Cuba. An older synonym is Agaricus plutonia.

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<i>Bothia</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Exsudoporus frostii</i> Species of fungus in the family Boletaceae found in North America

Exsudoporus frostii, commonly known as Frost's bolete or the apple bolete, is a bolete fungus first described scientifically in 1874. A member of the family Boletaceae, the mushrooms produced by the fungus have tubes and pores instead of gills on the underside of their caps. Exsudoporus frostii is distributed in the eastern United States from Maine to Georgia, and in the southwest from Arizona extending south to Mexico and Costa Rica. A mycorrhizal species, its fruit bodies are typically found growing near hardwood trees, especially oak.

<i>Aureoboletus mirabilis</i> Species of fungus

Aureoboletus mirabilis, commonly known as the admirable bolete, the bragger's bolete, and the velvet top, is an edible species of fungus in the Boletaceae mushroom family. The fruit body has several characteristics with which it may be identified: a dark reddish-brown cap; yellow to greenish-yellow pores on the undersurface of the cap; and a reddish-brown stem with long narrow reticulations. Aureoboletus mirabilis is found in coniferous forests along the Pacific Coast of North America, and in Asia. Unusual for boletes, A. mirabilis sometimes appears to fruit on the wood or woody debris of Hemlock, suggesting a saprobic lifestyle. Despite occasional appearances to the contrary, Aureoboletus mirabilis is mycorrhizal, and forms close mutualistic associations with hemlock roots.

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<i>Pulveroboletus bembae</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Tylopilus tabacinus</i> Species of fungus

Tylopilus tabacinus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. It is characterized by a tawny-brown cap measuring up to 17.5 cm (6.9 in) in diameter, and a reticulated stem up to 16.5 cm (6.5 in) long by 6 cm (2.4 in) thick. A characteristic microscopic feature is the distinctive crystalline substance encrusted on the hyphae in the surface of the cap. The species is known from the eastern United States from Florida north to Rhode Island, and west to Mississippi, and from eastern Mexico. It is a mycorrhizal species, and associates with oak and beech trees.

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Boletus rubroflammeus is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. First described from Michigan in 1971, it is found in the eastern United States and Mexico, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with hardwood trees. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) of the fungus have caps that are deep red to purplish red, and dark red pores. The stem has coarse, dark red reticulations and a narrow yellow area at the top. All parts of the mushroom quickly stain blue when injured or cut. Lookalikes include Boletus flammans, a lighter-colored species that grows with conifers. Other similar species can be distinguished by differences in distribution, morphology, staining reaction, and microscopic characteristics. Boletus rubroflammeus mushrooms are poisonous, and can cause gastrointestinal distress if consumed.

<i>Boletus abruptibulbus</i> Species of fungus

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<i>Aureoboletus auriflammeus</i> Species of fungus

Aureoboletus auriflammeus, commonly known as the flaming gold bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1872, it is found in eastern North America, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oaks. The caps of the fruit bodies are golden orange, with a yellow pore surface on the underside, and a reticulated (network-like) stem. The edibility of the mushroom is not known.

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Xerocomus illudens is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1898, it is found in Asia and North America, where it grows in a mycorrhizal association with oak.

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References

  1. Hosen MI, Feng B, Zhu XT, Li YC, Yang ZL (2013). "Borofutus, a new genus of Boletaceae from tropical Asia: phylogeny, morphology and taxonomy". Fungal Diversity. 58: 215–226. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0211-8. S2CID   17481522.