Eleotridae is a family of fish commonly known as sleeper gobies, with about 34 genera and 180 species. Most species are found in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, but there are also species in subtropical and temperate regions, warmer parts of the Americas and near the Atlantic coast in Africa. While many eleotrids pass through a planktonic stage in the sea and some spend their entire lives in the sea; as adults, the majority live in freshwater streams and brackish water. One of its genera, Caecieleotris, is troglobitic. They are especially important as predators in the freshwater stream ecosystems on oceanic islands such as New Zealand and Hawaii that otherwise lack the predatory fish families typical of nearby continents, such as catfish. Anatomically, they are similar to the gobies (Gobiidae), though unlike the majority of gobies, they do not have a pelvic sucker.
Rasbora is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae. They are native to freshwater habitats in South and Southeast Asia, as well as southeast China. A single species, R. gerlachi, is only known from an old specimen that reputedly originated from Africa (Cameroon), but this locality is considered doubtful. They are small, up to 17 cm (6.7 in) long, although most species do not surpass 10 cm (4 in) and many have a dark horizontal stripe.
Catostomus is a genus of fish belonging to the family Catostomidae, commonly known as suckers. Most members of the genus are native to North America, but C. catostomus is also found in Russia. Fish from different species of the genus are known to readily hybridize with each other.
Bostrychus expatria is a species of freshwater fish in the family Butidae endemic to Lake Manguao on the island of Palawan in the Philippines.
Barbodes is a genus of small to medium-sized cyprinid fish native to tropical Asia. The majority of the species are from Southeast Asia. Many species are threatened and some from the Philippines are already extinct. A survey carried out in 1992 only found three of the endemic Barbodes species, and only two were found in 2008. Several members of this genus were formerly included in Puntius.
Bostrychus aruensis, the island gudgeon, is a species of fish in the family Eleotridae, an endemic fish of the Aru Islands, Indonesia, where it occurs in both fresh and brackish waters. It grows up to 18 centimetres (7.1 in) SL.
Bostrychus zonatus, the Barred gudgeon, is a species of fish in the family Butidae native to Irian Jaya, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea where it can be found in fresh and brackish waters. This species can reach a length of 18.5 centimetres (7.3 in) SL.
Hypseleotris is a genus of fishes in the family Eleotridae. Most are from fresh water in Australia and New Guinea, but species in fresh and brackish water are found around islands in the western Indian Ocean, southern and eastern Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Pacific islands. The largest species reaches a length of 12 cm (4.7 in). They are sometimes seen in the aquarium trade; especially H. compressa. In Australia they are known as carp gudgeons.
Mugilogobius is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae. They are found in fresh, brackish and marine water of the Indo-Pacific region. Several of the freshwater species have highly restricted distributions.
Oryzias is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ranges and are threatened. They are small, up to 8 cm (3.1 in) long, and most are relatively plain in colour.
Oxyeleotris is a genus of sleeper gobies mostly restricted to Australia and New Guinea, though some are found in Southeast Asia.
Redigobius is a genus of fish in the goby family, Gobiidae, known commonly as dualspot gobies. They are native to the western Indo-Pacific region, where they occur in estuaries and freshwater habitats just above the tidal influence.
Pseudanthias is a genus of colourful reef fishes of the subfamily Anthiinae, part of the family Serranidae, the groupers and sea basses. They are found in the Indo-Pacific. The species belonging to this genus have a diet consisting of zooplankton, and are haremic. Fishes currently included in this genus were earlier part of the genus Anthias. Pseudanthias is the largest anthiine genus
Rhinogobius carpenteri is a freshwater species of goby endemic to the Philippines. It grows up to 5.9 cm (2.3 in) SL, and is dull yellow-brown, whitish under the jaw, eyes blue, grayish fins with two silvery white anterior spines, silvery white anal fin rays, with the caudal fins shading to dusky at the tip. Its common name in the Philippines is kuchu. The species was named for the co-collector of the cotypes, Mr. W. D. Carpenter. In 1927, Albert William Christian Theodore Herre erected a new genus in the family Gobiidae, Tukugobius and moved R. carpenteri into it as the type species, but the genus was later rendered invalid.
Sarcocheilichthys is a genus of cyprinid fishes found in eastern Asia. There are currently 12 species in the genus.
Allomogurnda is a genus of fishes in the family Eleotridae native to freshwater habitats of New Guinea and surrounding smaller islands.
Callogobius is a genus of fish in the family Gobiidae found in brackish and marine waters of the Indian and Pacific Ocean.
Oxyurichthys is a genus of fish in the subfamily Gobionellinae, known commonly as arrowfin gobies. They are distributed in the tropical and subtropical Indian and Pacific Oceans; one species is also known from the western Atlantic Ocean. Most species live in shallow waters under 10 meters deep over fine substrates such as silt.
Pandaka is a genus of fish in the goby subfamily, Gobionellinae, native to fresh, brackish and marine waters of Asia and the western Pacific Ocean. Some species in the genus are among the smallest fish in the world; the male P. pygmaea can be just 9 mm (0.35 in) in standard length at maturity.
Butidae is a family of sleeper gobies in the order Gobiiformes. The family was formerly classified as a subfamily of the Eleotridae but the 5th Edition of Fishes of the World classifies it as a family in its own right. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that the Butidae are a sister clade to the clade containing the families Gobiidae and Gobionellidae and that the Eleotridae is a sister to both of these clades. This means that the Eloetridae as formerly classified was paraphyletic and that its subfamilies should be raised to the status of families.
