| Cajamarca antpitta | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Grallariidae |
| Genus: | Grallaria |
| Species complex: | Grallaria rufula complex |
| Species: | G. cajamarcae |
| Binomial name | |
| Grallaria cajamarcae (Chapman, 1927) | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Cajamarca antpitta (Grallaria cajamarcae) is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. [1]
The Cajamarca antpitta was described in 1927 as a full species, Oropezus cajamarcae. [2] However, during the twentieth century it was treated by most authors as a subspecies of what was then the rufous antpitta (G. rufula sensu lato ). [3] Following the publication of two studies in 2020, in 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the proposed split of the rufous antpitta that returned the Cajamarca antpitta to species status. [4] [5] [6] [7] However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it as a subspecies of G. rufula for which it also retains the English name rufous antpitta. [8]
The Cajamarca antpitta's English name and specific epithet derive from the Peruvian Department of Cajamarca where the holotype was collected. [2]
Grallaria antpittas are a "wonderful group of plump and round antbirds whose feathers are often fluffed up...they have stout bills [and] very short tails". [9] The Cajamarca antpitta is about 14.5 to 15 cm (5.7 to 5.9 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a mostly dark reddish yellow-brown crown, upperparts, wings, and tail with lighter edges on the flight feathers. They have a pale eyering. Their underparts are mostly light reddish yellow-brown. The center of their belly is pale yellowish buff, their flanks yellowish brown, and their undertail coverts dark yellowish brown. Both sexes have a dark brown iris, a blackish bill with a paler base, and dusky bluish or purplish gray legs and feet. [4] [10]
The Cajamarca antpitta is found on the west slope of northwestern Peruvian Andes west of the Huancabamba and upper Marañón rivers. The rivers separate it from the closely related Equatorial antpitta (G. saturata). Its range includes parts of Cajamarca, Piura, and Lambayeque departments. Its exact habitat requirements have not been documented. However, it appears to favor the floor and understory of moderately humid cloudforest. In elevation it is known between 2,850 and 3,400 m (9,400 and 11,200 ft). [4] [5] [10]
The Cajamarca antpitta is assumed to be resident throughout its range. [10]
The Cajamarca antpitta's diet and foraging behavior are unknown but are assumed to be similar to those of other Grallaria antpittas. They eat arthropods and other invertebrates captured while running or hopping on the forest floor and stopping to find prey by flipping aside leaf litter and probing the soil. [10]
Nothing is known about the Cajamarca antpitta's breeding biology. [10]
The Cajamarca antpitta's long song is "a relatively fast series of clear, slightly descending notes at ca. 2.5 kHz, speeding up and rising in pitch towards the end of the ca. 2.5 s song". Its short song is "a slow series of 5-6 whistled notes, either even or slightly downslurred in pitch at ca. 2.2 kHz". The species sings from the ground or a low perch in dense foliage. [10]
The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so has not assessed the Cajamarca antpitta separately from the multi-subspecies "rufous" antpitta G. rufulasensu lato. [11] It has a moderately large range and is known from at least two protected areas. "Habitat within the range of Cajamarca Antpitta has been, and continues to be, however, severely impacted by human activities." [10]
The white-throated antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru.
Grallaria is a large genus of Neotropical birds in the antpitta family Grallariidae.
The stripe-headed antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The chestnut antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. In 2020, two new species previously believed to be populations of chestnut pitta were described: the Oxapampa antpitta and the Ayacucho antpitta; this has left the chestnut antpitta with a much reduced range.
The bicolored antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.
What is now the rufous antpitta complex was long considered to be a single species, Grallaria rufula, with seven subspecies. In 2020 G. rufula was found to be a species complex of 16 species, some of which were newly described. In 2021 the International Ornithological Committee and the Clements taxonomy implemented the split of the rufous antpitta into multiple species and accepted the newly described species. The revised Grallaria rufulasensu stricto, now called the Muisca antpitta, has no subspecies and is thus monotypic according to those taxonomies. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) did not fully implement the split. It retains the name rufous antpitta for Grallaria rufula and retains six of the seven previous subspecies within it. It had split only the former G. r. saltuensis as the Perija antpitta in 2018.
The Chami antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The equatorial antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found is Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The Perija antpitta is a Near Threatened species of bird in the in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Serranía del Perijá on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
The Sierra Nevada antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia.
The Chachapoyas antpitta, or Graves's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Panao antpitta, also known as O'Neill's antpitta, is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru.
The Junin antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to the Peruvian Department of Junín.
The Bolivian antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by James Bond and Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee in 1940. It is endemic to Bolivia. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalizations.
The Puno antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Urubamba antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described as a subspecies by Frank Chapman in 1923. It is endemic to Peru. It is a member of the rufous antpitta species complex and was elevated from subspecies to species in 2020 on the basis of differences in plumage and vocalization. The same study also described a new subspecies of Urubamba antpitta.
The Muisca antpitta is a bird in the family Grallariidae. The species was first described by Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1843. It was formerly called the rufous antpitta, which in 2020 was found to be a species complex composed of as many as 15 species, some of which were newly described. It is found in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela.
The Oxapampa antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Peru. The Oxapampa antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of the chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 was described as its own species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
The Ayacucho antpitta is a species of bird in the family Grallaridae. It is endemic to the Peruvian department of Ayacucho. The Ayacucho antpitta was formerly believed to be a population of chestnut antpitta, but in 2020 it was described as a new species by Peter A. Hosner, Mark B. Robbins, Morton L. Isler and R. Terry Chesser.
