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Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a state-sanctioned practice of killing a person as a punishment for a crime. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is condemned and is commonly referred to as being "on death row".
The following is a summary of the use of capital punishment by country. Globally, of the 195 independent states that are UN members or have UN observer status, 109 countries have completely abolished it de jure for all crimes, 7 have abolished it for ordinary crimes and 24 are abolitionist in practice, while 55 countries retain capital punishment.
Capital punishment in China is a legal penalty. It is commonly applied for murder and drug trafficking, although it is also a legal penalty for various other offenses. Executions are carried out by lethal injection or by shooting. The majority of Chinese people support capital punishment.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Belarus. At least four executions were carried out in the country in 2018.
Capital punishment in Japan is a legal penalty. It is applied in practice only for aggravated murder, although it is also a legal penalty for certain crimes against the state, such as treason and military insubordination, as well as kidnapping resulting in death. Executions are carried out by long drop hanging, and take place at one of the seven execution chambers located in major cities across the country.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Saudi Arabia. Death sentences are almost exclusively based on the system of judicial sentencing discretion (tazir), following the classical principle of avoiding Sharia-prescribed (hudud) penalties when possible. In recent decades, the government and the courts have increasingly issued these sentences, reacting to a rise in violent crime during the 1970s. This paralleled similar developments in the U.S. and Mainland China in the late 20th century.
Capital punishment is no longer applied in San Marino: the last execution was carried out in 1468 or in 1667, by hanging.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Yemen.
Capital punishment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is legal; however, the nation has not carried out any executions since 2003. Even in the absence of carrying out executions, there are still death sentences handed down in the country.
Capital punishment is a legal punishment in Cameroon. However, it has not carried out any official executions since 1997, meaning that it has not carried out any executions in the past 10 years, making it de facto abolitionist, since it also has a moratorium.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Chile. It was abolished for civilian offenses in 2001 and is now only in the military code of justice. It remains applicable to military personnel for war crimes and crimes against humanity during wartime. Chile is one of seven countries that has abolished capital punishment "for ordinary crimes only." The method of execution is shooting. The last executions in Chile were of serial killers Carlos Topp Collins and Jorge Sagredo, on January 29, 1985, by firing squad.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Burkina Faso. It has been abolished for all offenses except war crimes, making the country "Abolitionist for Ordinary Crimes," along with Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Israel, and Peru. Before the partial abolition of capital punishment in 2018, capital punishment had been abolished de facto. Its last execution was performed in 1988.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Myanmar. It is classified as "Retentionist." Before 25 July 2022, Myanmar was considered "Abolitionist in Practice," meaning a country has not executed anyone in the past ten years or more and is believed to have an established practice or policy against carrying out executions. Between 1988 and 2022, no legal executions were carried out in the country. In July 2022, four democratic activists, including Zayar Thaw and Kyaw Min Yu, were executed.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Eritrea. Its execution methods are hanging and shooting. However, Eritrea is considered “Abolitionist in Practice.” Eritrea’s last execution took place in 1989. There is currently no one under sentence of death in Eritrea. Eritrea voted in favor of the 2020 United Nations moratorium on the death penalty.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Guyana. Despite its legality, no executions have been carried out since 1997. However, due to a lack of "an established practice or policy against carrying out executions," Guyana is classified as "Retentionist." Guyana is the only country in South America that retains capital punishment for ordinary crimes.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Trinidad and Tobago. The method of execution is hanging. Its last execution was of Anthony Briggs for murder on 28 July 1999. However, the country is still considered "retentionist' due to a lack of "an established practice or policy against carrying out executions." Trinidad and Tobago is the only country in the Americas that retains the mandatory death penalty for murder.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Ghana. Ghana last executed in 1993. It is considered "Abolitionist in Practice." Capital punishment is a mandatory sentence for certain offenses.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Tanzania. Tanzania has two capital offenses: treason and murder. The death penalty is the mandatory sentence for murder.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Tunisia. Despite its legality, no executions have been carried out since 1991. Tunisia is classified as "Abolitionist in Practice."
References
- ↑ "The Death Penalty in Oman". Death Penalty Worldwide. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ↑ "Annual Report 2002 – Oman". Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 13 November 2002.
- ↑ "Amnesty International - Global Report DEATH SENTENCES AND EXECUTIONS 2021" (PDF). amnesty.org. Amnesty International Ltd. 24 May 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
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