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Capparis arborea | |
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Flower and leaves | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Brassicales |
Family: | Capparaceae |
Genus: | Capparis |
Species: | C. arborea |
Binomial name | |
Capparis arborea | |
Synonyms | |
Capparis arborea is a bush or small tree occurring in eastern Australia. Its habitat is rainforest, usually riverine, littoral or the drier rainforests. It is distributed from the Hunter River, New South Wales to Cape Melville in tropical Queensland. Common names include native pomegranate, wild lime, wild lemon and brush caper berry. Capparis arborea is a host plant for the caper white (Belenois java), which migrate across the eastern seaboard in large numbers in the summer. It also feeds the chalky white (Elodina parthia)
Capparis arborea grows up to 8 metres tall with a stem diameter of 25 cm, but is usually seen much smaller. The trunk is crooked, short and irregular in appearance. Many sharp prickles grow on younger plants. Older trees have grey bark, with less sharp spines. Its small branches are fairly thick and dark grey, though more green at the end.
Leaves alternate on the stem, and are simple, oblong-lanceolate or sometimes oblong-ovate in shape. They are 5 to 10 cm long, and 1.5 to 5 cm wide, and mostly rounded at the tip, although some leaves are pointed at the tip. Juvenile leaves are smaller than adult leaves with a prickly pointed leaf tip. Leaf veins are visible on both surfaces with the midrib raised under the leaf, but sunken on top of the leaf.
Single white flowers form from the leaf axils and are 4 cm in diameter. The attractive, open wiry flowers form from January to March. The petals are 15 mm long, fringed at the edges. The thin flower stalks are 3 to 5 cm long.
From December to March, a fruit resembling a guava forms. It is green, smooth and soft, globular in shape and 2.5 to 6 cm in diameter. The fruit stalks are 3 to 5 cm long. The seeds are round and flattened, and 8 to 10 mm in diameter. The ripe fruit are yellow with the pulp surrounding the seeds being edible. They were a source of food for Aboriginal people. Germination from fresh seed is not particularly difficult, with the first seeds germinating after three weeks.
Paratrophis pendulina is a species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, Moraceae. In Australia it is commonly known as whalebone tree, and other common names include the white handlewood, axe-handle wood, grey handlewood and prickly fig. In Hawaii it is known as Hawai'i roughbush or aʻiaʻi in Hawaiian.
Uromyrtus australis, commonly known as the peach myrtle, is a small tree growing around Nightcap National Park, New South Wales, Australia. It is endangered by extinction. The delicate foliage, pink flowers and appealing fruit makes this a particularly beautiful tree.
Pararchidendron pruinosum is an Australian rainforest tree growing from the Shoalhaven River in New South Wales to Herberton in north Queensland. It is also native to New Guinea and to Java, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia. Common names include Snow-wood, Tulip Siris and Monkey's Earrings. It is the sole species in genus Pararchidendron.
Cryptocarya obovata, commonly known as pepperberry or white walnut, is a species of laurel growing on basaltic and fertile alluvial soils in eastern Australian rainforests. It is found from Wyong in New South Wales to Gympie in the state of Queensland. Extinct in the Illawarra region, it was allegedly last seen in the Illawarra in 1818 by Allan Cunningham. The species was included in the Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, 402 (1810).
Myrsine variabilis, synonym Rapanea variabilis, known as the muttonwood or variable muttonwood is a tree of eastern Australia. The range of natural distribution is from near Milton in southern New South Wales to the McIlwraith Range in far north Queensland.
Syzygium floribundum, synonym Waterhousea floribunda, is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It grows along streams from the Williams River near Dungog to Mackay in central eastern Queensland. Known as the weeping lilli pilli, this tree is widely planted as an ornamental. Planted trees from 1827 may be seen at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. However, these trees are damaged and threatened by the roosting grey headed flying foxes. A very large tree is located at Western Park in Auckland, New Zealand.
Diospyros australis is the most southerly of the group of some 450 ebonies and persimmons. It is a shrub or small tree growing in rainforests of seaward eastern Australia. The habitat is in a variety of different rainforest forms, though not often seen in the cool temperate rainforests. The range of natural distribution is from Durras Lake near Batemans Bay in south east New South Wales, to Atherton in tropical Queensland.
Macaranga tanarius is a plant found in South East Asia, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, South China, Taiwan, and eastern Australia. It is commonly seen as a pioneer species in disturbed rainforest areas. Easily recognised for the round veiny leaves. In Australia it naturally occurs from the Richmond River, New South Wales to Cooktown in tropical Queensland.
Cryptocarya triplinervis is a rainforest tree growing in eastern Australia. Common names include the three veined laurel, three veined cryptocarya and the brown laurel.
Claoxylon australe, known as brittlewood is a common rainforest shrub or understorey tree. Its habitat includes all types of eastern Australian rainforests. The natural range of distribution is from Eden in southeastern New South Wales to Bowen in tropical Queensland.
Psychotria loniceroides, the hairy psychotria, is a plant native to the forest areas of eastern Australia.
Denhamia silvestris is a shrub or small tree growing from Picton, New South Wales to Kroombit Tops, near Gladstone, Queensland. It occurs in dry rainforest, eucalyptus and rainforest ecotone areas. Common names include narrow leaved orangebark, orange bush and orange bark.
Elattostachys nervosa, known as the green tamarind or beetroot tree is a common rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Found in all types of rainforest, growing from Paterson, New South Wales in the south to Gympie in south east Queensland. The name Elattostachys refers to "little spikes", a flower feature of other plants in this genus. Nervosa refers to the prominent leaf venation. Beetroot Tree refers to the beetroot red leaves of the new growth.
Rhodamnia argentea is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Commonly known asmalletwood, white myrtle, silver leaf, silver malletwood and white turpentine. The natural habitat is a variety of different rain forests, at sea level or in the adjacent ranges. Growing on sand, alluvium and volcanic based soils. From the Hastings River, New South Wales to Bowen, Queensland.
Sarcopteryx stipata, known as the steelwood, is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia occurring from the Bulga Plateau and Comboyne Plateau north west of Taree, New South Wales as far north as Fraser Island off the coast of south eastern Queensland. It grows in sub tropical rainforest but sometimes occurs in warm temperate rainforests on poorer soils. It is a member of the soap berry family. The generic name Sarcopteryx translates to "fleshy wing", as the fruit can be wing shaped. Stipata means "surrounded". The common name steelwood refers to the very tough, hard and heavy timber.
Mischocarpus pyriformis, known as the pear fruited tamarind is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Occurring from Seal Rocks, New South Wales to as far north as Cooktown in tropical Queensland. The sub species found in New South Wales is Mischocarpus pyriformis subsp. pyriformis.
Endiandra introrsa is a rare rainforest tree growing in eastern Australia. Listed with a Rare or Threatened Australian Plants (ROTAP) rating of 3RCa. Its habitat is a warm temperate rainforest on the poorer rainforest soils, mostly over 300 metres in altitude, and its range of natural distribution is from near Dorrigo to various sites in the state of Queensland.
Arytera distylis, known as the two-leaved coogera or twin-leaved coogera is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It grows by streams or in seaside rainforests. It occurs from the Orara River in the Mid North Coast region of New South Wales, extending up to Maryborough in southeast Queensland.
Xylosma terrae-reginae is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. The habitat is in sea side or relatively dry rainforest areas, mostly on private property. Found as far south as Ballina, New South Wales to as far north as near Maryborough, Queensland. It is listed as endangered by extinction. As this is a relatively unknown plant, it has no common name as such, apart from the generic name Xylosma.
Cupaniopsis newmanii is a rainforest plant in the soapberry family. It is native to eastern Australia. The common name is long-leaved tuckeroo. A rare plant, with a ROTAP listing of 2RC-. The habitat is subtropical rainforest ranging from Mullumbimby in New South Wales to Gympie in south-eastern Queensland.