Mouthbrooding, also known as oral incubation and buccal incubation, is the care given by some groups of animals to their offspring by holding them in the mouth of the parent for extended periods of time. Although mouthbrooding is performed by a variety of different animals, such as the Darwin's frog, fish are by far the most diverse mouthbrooders. Mouthbrooding has evolved independently in several different families of fish.
The snailfishes or sea snails are a family of marine ray-finned fishes, these fishes make up the Liparidae which is classified within the order Scorpaeniformes.
The pale spotted catshark, Asymbolus pallidus, is a cat shark of the family Scyliorhinidae found only off Queensland, at depths of between 225 and 400 m. Its length is up to 44 cm.
Van Gelder's bat or Van Gelder's big-eared bat is a species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae. It is found in Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, and Mexico. The species is monotypic within its genus. It is part of the tribe Antrozoini within the subfamily Vespertilioninae and is related to the pallid bat. The bat is found in forest habitat from sea level to elevations as high as 2300 m, although not usually above 1300 m, and is insectivorous and crepuscular. It apparently has a fragmented distribution, and is threatened by deforestation.
The tawny-throated dotterel is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae, the plovers and their relatives. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay.
The black-headed parrot is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. Other colloquial names are black-crowned parrot, black-capped parrot, black-headed caique, and for subspecies P. m. pallidus, pallid caique. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
The white-bellied piculet is a Vulnerable species of bird in subfamily Picumninae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
Conolophus pallidus is a species of lizard in the family Iguanidae. It is one of three species in the genus Conolophus and is endemic to Santa Fe Island in the Galapagos.
Labidochromis pallidus is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is only known to occur around the Maleri Islands and around Thumbi West Island. This species can reach a length of 6.7 centimetres (2.6 in) SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
Luciogobius pallidus is a species of goby endemic to Japan where it is found in fresh, brackish and marine underground waters near the coasts. This species and its close relative L. albus are the only known cavefish in Japan.
Nemacheilus pallidus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Nemacheilus which occurs in the lower Mekong basin in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, as well as in the Chao Phraya and Maeklong basins in Thailand.
The goldie barb is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Enteromius. It is endemic to the Eastern Cape in South Africa where it is threatened by the introduction of non-native fish species.
Notoliparis antonbruuni is a species of snailfish. It was described in 2005 from a single poorly preserved specimen collected in 1966 from the hadal zone off Callao, Peru.
Careproctus is a genus of snailfishes found in benthic and benthopelagic habitats in the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic and Southern Oceans. Whether they truly are absent from the Indian Ocean is unknown and might be an artifact of limited sampling. They range from shallow coastal seas in the far north of their range to the abyssal zone, at depths of 6 to 5,459 m (20–17,910 ft). In the Northern Hemisphere they mostly live shallower than Paraliparis, but this pattern is reversed in the Southern Hemisphere. Although almost entirely restricted to very cold waters, a single species, C. hyaleius, lives at hydrothermal vents.
Volodichthys is a genus of snailfishes found in deep water, more than 750 m (2,460 ft), of southern oceans near Antarctica and southern South America. Its members were formerly included in the genus Careproctus.
Fusigobius pallidus, commonly called pale sandgoby, is a species of marine fish in the family Gobiidae.
Limnocottus pallidus is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. This species is endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia. It dwells at a depth range of 150–1000 metres. Males can reach a total length of 13.1 centimetres and females 14.6 cm. L. pallidus can weigh up to 16 grams, and live up to 12 years.
Hydrolagus pallidus is a marine species of fish in the family Chimaeridae found in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, specifically near Iceland and the Canary Islands. It is commonly known as the pale chimaera or pale ghost shark, although it is not a true shark. Its natural habitat is deepwater seas and near the mid-Atlantic ridge. H. pallidus is found at a depth range of 800 - 3650 m. This species faces a potential threat as bycatch of deepwater trawl fisheries especially as deepwater fisheries operate at greater depths. It has been recognized as distinct from Hydrolagus affinis, its closest relative, since 1990.
Merret's snailfish, also called the snakehead snailfish, is a species of fish in the family Liparidae.
Careproctus aciculipunctatus, also called the speckled snailfish, is a species of fish in the family Liparidae (snailfish).
