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Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies. It includes the Daniadae, or milkweed butterflies, who lay their eggs on various milkweeds on which their larvae (caterpillars) feed, as well as the clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini), and the tellervini.
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs, which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings.
The Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the browns, are a subfamily of the Nymphalidae. They were formerly considered a distinct family, Satyridae. This group contains nearly half of the known diversity of brush-footed butterflies. The true number of the Satyrinae species is estimated to exceed 2,400.
The Limenitidinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes the admirals and relatives. The common names of many species and genera reference military ranks or – namely the Adoliadini – titles of nobility, in reference to these butterflies' large size, bold patterns, and dashing flight. In particular, the light stripe running lengthwise across the wings of many Limenitidini has reminded earlier authors of officers' shoulder marks and epaulets.
Libythea labdaca, the African snout butterfly, is a member of the butterfly subfamily Libytheinae found in western and central Africa.
Acraea leucographa, the Ribbe's glassy acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanzania and north-western Zambia. The habitat consists of forests.
Charaxes smaragdalis, the western blue charaxes, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Senegal to Somalia, from Angola to Kenya and from Sudan to Egypt. Its habitat is dry forest areas.
Lachnoptera anticlia, the western blotched leopard, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania and north-western Zambia. The habitat consists of forests and forest margins.
Junonia cymodoce, the blue leaf butterfly or blue leaf pansy, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, western Uganda, western Tanzania and north-western Zambia. The habitat consists of lowland forests.
Melanitis libya, the violet-eyed evening brown, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, southern Sudan, Semuliki National Park, western Uganda and north-western Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Shaba), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, and eastern Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of forests at altitudes between 600 and 900 meters.
Catuna is an Afrotropical genus of brush-footed butterflies.
Pseudargynnis is a monotypic butterfly genus. The single species Pseudargynnis hegemone, the false fritillary, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, the southern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Sudan, Uganda, Burundi, western Kenya, western Tanzania, Malawi, northern Zambia, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of open grassy and marshy habitats in tropical savanna and open forests.
Catuna angustatum, the large pathfinder, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Rwanda and Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
Catuna crithea, the common pathfinder, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and northern and western Zambia. The habitat consists of dense lowland forests and the riverine forest floor.
Catuna oberthueri, or Oberthür's pathfinder, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, named after the French entomologist Charles Oberthür. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and western Tanzania. The habitat consists of forests.
Catuna sikorana is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in eastern Tanzania and northern Malawi. The habitat consists of lowland forests.
Sevenia umbrina, the ochreous tree nymph, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Ethiopia, western Kenya, western Tanzania and northern Zambia. The habitat consists of forests, forest margins and riparian vegetation.
Cephetola catuna is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda. Adults females oviposit on lichens on the bark of twigs and tree trunks. The larvae are attended by ants.
References
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- ↑ "Catuna Kirby, 1871" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- ↑ Afrotropical Butterflies: Nymphalidae - Tribe Adoliadini
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