Arthrobacter is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil. All species in this genus are Gram-positive obligate aerobes that are rods during exponential growth and cocci in their stationary phase. Arthrobacter have a distinctive method of cell division called "snapping division" or reversion in which the outer bacterial cell wall ruptures at a joint.
Pseudonocardia is a genus of the bacteria family Pseudonocardiaceae. Members of this genus have been found living mutualistically on the cuticle of the leafcutter ants because the bacteria has antibiotic properties that protect the fungus grown by the ants. When they are grooming, their legs are passed over their mouth gland that produces the antibiotic and then their legs touch the fungi while they are walking around. The ants have metapleural glands that produce the antimicrobial components to eliminate the Escovopsis fungi. The bacteria may also be found in crypts on the propleural plate. Pseudonocardia is found to have antibiotic properties provided to the leaf-cutter ant to inhibit the growth of Escovopsis, which is a black yeast that parasitizes the leaf-cutter ant. Pseudonocardia can be found in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Pseudonocardia belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria. Most Actinobacteria grow in soils that are of a neutral pH. Actinobacteria are also important in plant-associated microbial communities are referred to as "free-living." This means that they are not dependent on another organism to live. For example: A non-free-living organism would be a parasite that depends on a host as a food source and a place for shelter. "Free-living" also allows these organisms to require less energy and food for survival. Bacteria from the Pseudonocardia genus are catalase-positive, non-motile, aerobic, non-acid-fast and produce a gram positive reaction. Under the microscope they exhibit branching, rod-shaped organisms.
There are many different strains of Pseudonocardia and a good portion of these strains have been found in China, in soils of the forest, and in Eucalyptus trees of Australia.
Macrosiphum is a genus of aphid. During the summer populations are made of parthenogenetic females. In the fall, males and females are produced; they mate and females lay eggs that overwinter. There are over 160 spp. in 3 subgenera.
Girardia is a genus of freshwater planarians belonging to the family Dugesiidae.
The secretary-general of the Kuomintang is the chief of staff of the Kuomintang, nominated by the chairperson and confirmed by the Central Committee. The position was created in 1926 and is currently held on by Justin Huang, who assumed the post in October 2021.
Cucullanus is a genus of parasitic nematodes. The genus includes more than 100 species.
Nocardioides is a Gram-positive, mesophilic and aerobic bacterial genus from the family of Nocardioidaceae.
Diplopeltidae is a family of roundworms in the class Adenophorea.
Sabatieria furcillata is a nematode in the family Comesomatidae ranking. It was described in 1954 by the Austrian zoologist Wolfgang Wieser.
Allodiplogaster is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes about 35 described species.
Comesomatidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Araeolaimida.
Raphidascarididae is a family of roundworms in the order Ascaridida. It encompasses nine genera and over 190 species.
Xyalidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Monhysterida.
Daptonema is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Xyalidae.
Dorylaimopsis is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Comesomatidae.
Enoploides is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Thoracostomopsidae.
Hopperia is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Comesomatidae.
Leptolaimus is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Leptolaimidae.
Mesacanthion is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Thoracostomopsidae.
Neochromadora is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Chromadoridae.
