Cetraria aculeata

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Cetraria aculeata
Cetraria aculeata habito.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Cetraria
Species:
C. aculeata
Binomial name
Cetraria aculeata
(Schreb.) Fr. (1826)
Synonyms
  • Lichen aculeatusSchreb. (1771)

Cetraria aculeata or the spiny Iceland lichen [1] is a dark brown to black fruticose, soil Iceland lichen from the family Parmeliaceae. The species was first described by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel Edler von Schreber in 1771 under the name of Lichen aculeatus. Later on, Erik Acharius, the "father of lichenology" gave it a name of Cornicularia aculeata, which lately has been changed to Coelocaulon aculeatum. Finally, the taxonomic revision of Ingvar Kärnefelt and colleagues assigned the species to the genus Cetraria . [2]

The thalli of Cetraria aculeata form shrubby tufts of up to 1–5 cm height, main branches are from 1 to 4 mm wide, terminal branches up to 1 mm wide, chemical tests K - and P -. [3] The species is found fertile, and seems to propagate mainly by thallus fragmentation. [4] Despite the apparent lack of ascospores, which can be dispersed across long distances, C. aculeata has a very wide distribution. It is frequent in open polar and boreal environments from the maritime Antarctic to the high Arctic. At intermediate latitudes it is mostly found in high mountain ecosystems, as well as its distributional range also extends into forest gaps, woodland and steppe ecosystems, or coastal and riparian sand deposits of the Mediterranean and temperate zones.

There are several morphologically very similar and genetically closely related species that are united under the name of Cetraria aculeata complex. It consists of as many as six species: C. muricata, C. crespoae, C. steppae, C. odontella, C. australiensis and not published yet C. panamericana. [5] [6] The phenomenon observed is due to existence of so-called cryptic species, which has been reported for many groups of organisms.

Ecology

Cetraria aculeata is a known host to several lichenicolous fungus species, including Lichenopeltella cetrariicola , [7] Acremonium lichenicola , Clypeococcum cetrariae , Didymocyrtis cladoniicola , Didymocyrtis trassii , Endococcus parmeliarum , Lichenoconium eroden , Eonema pyriforme , Katherinomyces cetrariae , Sphaerellothecium aculeatae , and Taeniolella rolfii . [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parmeliaceae</span> Family of lichens

The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: Xanthoparmelia, Usnea, Parmotrema, and Hypotrachyna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members are lichens that either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous – meaning they are non-lichenised fungi that live on other lichens. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of their frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous.

Didymocyrtis is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1921, with Didymocyrtis consimilis assigned as the type species.

<i>Masonhalea</i> Genus of fungi

Masonhalea is a genus of two species of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Vulpicida</i> Genus of lichen

Vulpicida is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. Circumscribed in 1993 to contain species formerly placed in Cetraria, the genus is widespread in Arctic to northern temperate regions, and contains six species. The genus is characterized by the presence of the secondary metabolites pulvinic acid and vulpinic acid, compounds that when combined with usnic acid, give the species their characteristic yellow and green colors.

<i>Tuckermannopsis</i> Genus of lichens

Tuckermannopsis is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae.

<i>Melanohalea</i> Genus of lichen

Melanohalea is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. It contains 30 mostly Northern Hemisphere species that grow on bark or on wood. The genus is characterized by the presence of pseudocyphellae, usually on warts or on the tips of isidia, a non-pored epicortex and a medulla containing depsidones or lacking secondary compounds. Melanohalea was circumscribed in 2004 as a segregate of the morphologically similar genus Melanelia.

<i>Bryocaulon</i> Genus of fungi

Bryocaulon is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in north temperate regions, and contains three species. The genus was circumscribed by Swedish lichenologist Ingvar Kärnefelt in 1986.

Lichenopeltella cetrariae is a species of fungus belonging to the class Dothideomycetes. It has been found growing on Cetraria aculeata in Hrútey near Blönduós, Iceland and on Cetraria laevigata in Bulgan district, Mongolia and Toyama prefecture, Japan. In Japan, it has also been reported growing on Flavocetraria cucullata in Yamanashi prefecture and Nagano prefecture.

Didymocyrtis trassii is a species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. It is found in southern Ukraine, where it parasitises the foliose lichen Cetraria aculeata growing on sand dunes.

Lecanora ussuriensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in single localities in the Primorsky Krai region of the Russian Far East, as well as in Japan.

Lecanora lojkahugoi is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea.

Biatora oxneri is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) lichen in the family Ramalinaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East and in South Korea.

Gallowayella aphrodites is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It is found in the Mediterranean countries Greece, Cyprus, and Italy. Characteristics of the lichen include its small thallus, the disposition of the rhizines on the thallus undersurface, and the lack of vegetative propagules.

<i>Cetraria laevigata</i> Species of lichen

Cetraria laevigata is a species of ground-dwelling, fruticose (bushy) lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was formally described as a new species by Russian lichenologist Kseniya Aleksandrovna Rassadina in 1943. In North America, it is commonly known as the striped Iceland lichen.

<i>Wetmoreana</i> Genus of lichens

Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two crustose, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species.

<i>Rusavskia</i> Genus of lichens

Rusavskia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species. It is a member of the subfamily Xanthorioideae. The thallus of Rusavskia is characterized by its foliose (leaf-like) structure with distinct and typically narrow lobes that curve outwards.

<i>Erichansenia</i> Genus of lichens

Erichansenia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Fauriea is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. The genus, which contains seven species, is a member of the subfamily Caloplacoideae.

Franwilsia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species.

References

  1. ↑ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  2. ↑ Kärnefelt I., Mattsson J.-E. & Thell A (1992) Evolution and phylogeny of cetrarioid lichens // Plant Systematics and Evolution, 113–160.
  3. ↑ Kärnefelt I (1986) The genera Bryocaulon, Coelocaulon and Cornicularia and formerly associated taxa. Opera Botanica, 86, 1–90.
  4. ↑ Heinken T (1999) Dispersal Patterns of Terricolous Lichens by Thallus Fragments. The Lichenologist, 31, 603.
  5. ↑ Nadyeina O, Lutsak T, Blum O, Grakhov V, Scheidegger C (2013) Cetraria steppe Savicz is conspecific with Cetraria aculeata (Schreb.) Fr. according to morphology, secondary chemistry and ecology. The Lichenologist, 45, 1-13.
  6. ↑ Lutsak T, Fernández-Mendoza F, Nadyeina O, Pérez-Ortega S & Printzen C (2012) Cetraria steppe: a lichen species of central Asian steppes, or part of a wider Mediterranean clade of C. aculeata? In Abstracts of the 21st International Symposium ‘‘Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology’’ of the German Botanical Society (DBG), 126.
  7. ↑ Svane, Svanhildur Jónsdóttir; Alstrup, Vagn (2004). "Some lichenicolous fungi from Iceland" (PDF). Acta Botanica Islandica . 14: 53–58.
  8. ↑ Khodosovtsev, Alexander; Darmostuk, Valeriy; Suija, Ave; Ordynets, Alexander (2018). "Didymocyrtis trassii sp. nov. and other lichenicolous fungi on Cetraria aculeata". The Lichenologist. 50 (5): 529–540. doi:10.1017/s0024282918000294. S2CID   92840978.
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