Chalone AVA

Last updated

Chalone
Wine region
South and North Chalone Peaks from Pinnacles National Monument Chalone Peak Trail.jpg
South and North Chalone Peaks from Chalone Peak Trail
Type American Viticultural Area
Year established1982 [1]
Years of wine industry105
CountryUnited States
Part of California, Central Coast AVA, Monterey County, San Benito County, Gabilan Mountains AVA
Other regions in California, Central Coast AVA, Monterey County, San Benito County, Gabilan Mountains AVA San Lucas AVA, Santa Lucia Highlands AVA, San Bernabe AVA
Soil conditions Miocene volcanic and Mesozoic granitic rocks, heavy in limestone deposits [1]
Total area8,640 acres (14 sq mi) [1]
Size of planted vineyards300 acres (121 ha) [2] [3]
No. of vineyards4 [4]
Grapes produced Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Grenache, Pinot blanc, Pinot noir, Marsanne, Sangiovese, Syrah [3]
No. of wineries4 [3]

Chalone identifies the first American Viticultural Area (AVA) established in Monterey County, California straddling its border with San Benito County where it is the second established AVA. Chalone viticultural area is located in the Gabilan Mountains east of Soledad. It was recognized by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) effective on July 14, 1982 after reviewing the petition submitted by the Gavilan Vineyards, Inc. to establish a viticultural area in Monterey and San Benito counties to be named "The Pinnacles." The area encompasses 8,640 acres (14 sq mi) and the proposed name was recognition of the nearby Chalone peaks.

Contents

Naming

Based upon testimony presented at a public hearing and submitted written comments, ATF concluded the proposed name, "The Pinnacles", was inappropriate to designate the proposed viticultural area. This determination was arrived at because of trademark claims by another winery and the possibility of consumer confusion that would result if the proposed name was approved. Paragon Vineyard submitted historical evidence which establishes the history of the name "Chalone" dating back to 1816 at which time the name referred to a division of the Costanoan family which lived in the area. Further evidence was submitted which claimed that the Pinnacles Monument was initially called Chalone Peaks prior to being designated as a national monument. Within the area covered by the Pinnacles National Monument, the two most distinctive geographical features are the North and South Chalone Peaks. The western boundary of the national monument is the eastern boundary of the viticultural area. One of the U.S.G.S. maps submitted with the petition is entitled "North Chalone Peak." Chalone Creek encircles the viticultural area on the north and east.

At the outset, the proposed viticultural area contained one winery, Chalone Vineyard, with 120 acres (49 ha) under vine. The petitioner stated that approximately 50 percent of the proposed area is plantable; however, due to the shortage of water for irrigation, the majority of the area was not being cultivated. In the final ruling, ATF believed that sufficient evidence was submitted which established historical and current use of the name “Chalone” for the viticultural area. [1]

History

Chalone boasts the oldest producing vines in Monterey County. In 1919, French immigrant and entrepreneur, Charles L. Tamm, traveled through California searching for the terroir with limestone soil similar to his native Burgundy. He found a property in Monterey County which is currently Chalone Vineyard. On the north slope of Chalone Peak at 1,800 feet (550 m), Tamm planted Chenin Blanc sourcing for wineries during Prohibition, when the grapes were used to make sacramental wines. Winegrowing, however, never became important in Monterey County because it was considered a “poor area” for viticulture. Strong winds off Monterey Bay and the arid climate of the Salinas River Valley deterred the planting of wine grapes. During Prohibition, only 400 acres (162 ha) of vineyards survived in Monterey County and this acreage was halved in the years following Repeal. [5] Later, Chalone Vineyard grew and its grapes were sold in the 1940s and '50s to Almaden Vineyards and Wente Brothers. [6] In 1946, Chalone vineyards were expanded by its subsequent owner, William Silvear, with more Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc plus newly planted Pinot Blanc and Pinot Noir. [7] [8]

In the early 1960s, the modern era of viticulture took root and Monterey County gained prominence as a wine-producing region. By the late 1960s and early 1970s, the quality of some California wines was outstanding but few took notice as the market favored French brands. At the legendary Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 on May 24th, Chalone Vineyard's 1974 Chardonnay ranked 3rd in the white wine category scored predominantly by renown French oenophiles. [9] The identical vintage ranked 1st in a repeat event at the San Francisco Wine Tasting of 1978. [8]

Terroir

The viticultural area, as amended, consists of 8,640 acres (14 sq mi) of rolling land located on a geological bench in the Gabilan (or Gavilan) Mountain Range of Central California. The area has a mean elevation of 1,650 feet (503 m) above sea level and drains into Bryant Canyon, Stonewell Canyon and Shirttail Gulch. The boundaries are as follows: to the south and west, the points at which the land drops off sharply to the Salinas Valley: to the north, the ridge line (watershed divide) effectively dividing Monterey and San Benito Counties, and the Gloria Valley on the other side, and, to the east, the western boundary of the Pinnacles National Monument. The area ranges in elevation from 1,400 to 2,000 feet (427–610 m) above sea level, with a mean elevation of 1,650 feet (503 m) above sea level. The surrounding area to the south and west is characterized by a steep drop to the Salinas Valley, which has a mean elevation of 300 feet (91 m) above sea leveL The area to the east, the Pinnacles National Monument, is unavailable for private agriculture. Except for the Gloria Valley (which is distinguishable from the viticultural area for other reasons), the area to the north rises to higher elevations than those found in the viticultural area. The petitioner claims that the differences in elevation between the Salinas Valley and the proposed area produce dramatic differences in climatic conditions. [1]

The climate of the Salinas Valley is tempered by the cooling winds from Monterey Bay which form a thick fog layer that extends to an elevation of 1,000 feet (305 m). In summer the viticultural area is approximately 10 °F (−12 °C) warmer than the Salinas Valley because the former does not receive the cooling winds and fog cover from Monterey Bay. [1]

The soils of the Chalone area has limestone and decomposed granite soil and significantly differ from soils of surrounding areas. Within the area, the soils primarily consist of Miocene volcanic and Mesozoic granitic rocks, heavy in limestone deposits. The Salinas Valley to the south and west consists of alluvium and river terrace rocks, while the Gloria Valley to the north is alluvial. The Pinnacles National Monument, to the east, though similar in mineral deposits, is unavailable for private agriculture. [1] [3] [10]

The limited rainfall and soil content of limestone and granite contribute to the rich bouquet found in Chalone wines by limiting grape yields and optimizing drainage for the root system to maintain healthy vines and produce flavorful fruit. [2]

Chalone Estate Chardonnay.jpg

See also

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Chalone Vineyard is located in the Chalone AVA south of San Francisco, California, United States, on an unusual geological formation called the Gavilan benchland. The soil is rich in limestone and calcium carbonate and also contains a significant amount of decomposed granite. This soil has a mineral composition similar to the Champagne region of France. Chalone is situated in an arid chaparral environment, in which temperatures can vary as much as 50°F in one day. The climate is very dry, only 12 to 14 inches (360 mm) of rain fall per year. These factors combine to create a unique terroir, the signature profile of a wine growing region.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Chalone Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [T .D . ATF-107; Ref: Notice No. 386] Final rule). Federal Register . 47 (114). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury: 25517–25519. June 14, 1982.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. 1 2 "AVAS (American Viticultural Areas)". Monterey Wine Country. Monterey County Vintners and Growers Association. 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Chalone (AVA): Appellation Profile". Appellation America. 2007. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018.
  4. ↑ "Chalone Wine". Wine-Searcher. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Arroyo Seco Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [T.O. ATF-131; Reference Notice No. 431] Final rule). Federal Register. 48 (74). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury: 16842–16847. April 15, 1983.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  6. ↑ May, Meredith (September 13, 2013). "Chalone: Monterey County's unlikely appellation" (Chalone's arid, rocky landscape has retained a reputation for great wines). SFGate. Hearst Communications, Inc. Retrieved January 1, 2024.
  7. ↑ Prial, Frank J. (January 28, 1998). "Wine Talk; Vineyard That Attracted a Special Breed of Winemaker". New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013.
  8. 1 2 "Our History". Chalone Vineyard. September 13, 2013. The oldest producing vineyard in Monterey County, Chalone Vineyard Estate rests on the Gavilan Mountain Range on the north slope of Chalone Peak
  9. ↑ Peterson, Thane (May 8, 2001). "The Day California Wines Came of Age". Business Week. Archived from the original (Movable Feast) on October 18, 2007.
  10. ↑ "About". Monterey Wine Country. Monterey County Vintners and Growers Association. Retrieved January 4, 2024.

36°28′15″N121°13′47″W / 36.47073491°N 121.22975800°W / 36.47073491; -121.22975800


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