Aplochiton is a genus of osmeriform fish of the family Galaxiidae native to Argentina, Chile and the Falkland Islands.
Cyprinodon is a genus of pupfishes found in waters that range from fresh to hypersaline. The genus is primarily found in Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and southern United States, but C. variegatus occurs as far north as Massachusetts and along the entire Gulf of Mexico coastline, and C. dearborni and C. variegatus are found in northern South America. Many species have tiny ranges and are highly threatened, in some cases already extinct. Cyprinodon are small; the largest reaches 10 cm (3.9 in) in length and most other species only reach about half that size.
Nematogenys inermis is a species of mountain catfish, the only extant species in the family Nematogenyiidae. This species is endemic to Chile where it is found in fresh waters in central Chile. This species grows to a length of 40.7 cm (16.0 in) NG.
Bullockia maldonadoi is a species of catfish of the family Trichomycteridae, and the only species of the genus Bullockia. This fish grows to about 7 centimetres (2.8 in) and originates from Chile.
Mordacia lapicida, also known as the Chilean lamprey, is a species of southern topeyed lamprey endemic to southern Chile, where it can be found in riverine and marine habitats. This species is anadromous. This parasitic lamprey can reach a length of 54 centimetres (21 in) SL. Ammocoetes and adults of this species are found in rivers, and occur in fine sand along river banks. The life cycle of a Mordacia lapicida is divided into three life stages: freshwater rearing, an ocean parasite and an adult spawning stage. Once in the adult stage, individuals migrate into marine waters where they attack and attach themselves to marine fishes.
Basilichthys australis is a species of Neotropical silverside fish which ist endemic to Chile from the Rio Maipo south to Chiloé Island.
Odontesthe mauleanum is a species of fish in the family Atherinopsidae. It is endemic to Chile.
Cheirodon is a genus of characins occurring in South America. Of the 10 currently described species; one, C. jaguaribensis, is placed here as a convenience, as its actual position in Characidae is unknown.
Cheirodon galusdae is a species of fish in the family Characidae endemic to Chile.
Cheirodon kiliani is a species of fish in the family Characidae endemic to Chile.
Cheirodon pisciculus, the pocha común, is a species of fish in the family Characidae endemic to Chile in freshwater environments within a benthopelagic depth range. This species is native to a subtropical climate. C. pisciculus is distributed in the Pacific versant of the Maipo, Aconcagua, the Huasco River basins, and the Estero Quintero in Chile. This fish can reach length of 5.5 cm (2.2 in) as an unsexed male.
Galaxias globiceps is a species of fish in the family Galaxiidae endemic to Chile.
Orestias chungarensis is a species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to Lake Chungara in Chile.
Orestias laucaensis is a species of fish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to the Lauca River in Chile.
Orestias parinacotensis is a species of pupfish in the family Cyprinodontidae. It is endemic to northern Chile. This fish was described in 1982 by María Gloria Eliana Arratia Fuentes from a type locality given as a wetland near the hamlet of Parinacota, Chile called the Bofedales de Parinacota.
Trichomycterus chiltoni is a species of pencil catfish endemic to Chile. This species grows to a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in).
Carlastyanax aurocaudatus is a small species of freshwater fish in the family Characidae native to the Río Cauca in Colombia. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Carlastyanax, which was named in 1972 specifically for the species by Jacques Géry. Upon description, it was named Astyanax aurocaudatus by Carl H. Eigenmann. There has been debate concerning whether or not the genus should be recognized, but C. aurocaudatus is currently considered a valid species.
Iguanodectidae is a family of freshwater fish in the order Characiformes that lives in South America. It is home to the subfamily Iguanodectinae and the monotypic Bryconops clade. Several species in the family, such as the green line lizard tetra, the tailspot tetra, and the orangefin tetra, are sometimes taken as aquarium fish.
