Chilcatay Formation

Last updated
Chilcatay Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Miocene
(Burdigalian) [1]
~19.2–18.0  Ma
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Type Geological formation
Unit of Pisco Basin
Underlies Pisco Formation
Overlies Otuma Formation
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone
Location
Country Peru

The Chilcatay Formation is a geologic formation located in Peru. The formation was deposited in the Pisco Basin, during the Early Miocene, roughly from 19.2 to 18.0 Ma. Fossil remains of baleen whales, sharks, and rays have been found in the formation. [2] [3]

Contents

Paleobiota of the Chilcatay Formation

Mammals

Dolphins

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Huaridelphis H. raimondiiA squalodelphinid river dolphin
Incacetus I. broggiiA kentriodontid dolphin
cf. Kentriodon cf. K. sp.A kentriodontid dolphin
Macrosqualodelphis M. ukupachaiA squalodelphinid river dolphin
Notocetus N. vanbenedeniA squalodelphinid river dolphin
Squalodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet.A river dolphin

Whales

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Amphidelphis A. bakersfieldensisA cranium [4]
Cetotheriidae Gen. et. sp. indet.
Chaeomysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet.A partial skull (CTZ 02)A baleen whale; either a late-diverging stem mysticete or an early-branching crown mysticete
A badly damaged dentary (ZM 98)A baleen whale; crownward of Eomysticetidae
A skull (ZM 152)A crown-group baleen whale, possibly a basal plicogulan
Chilcacetus C. cavirhinusA toothed whale
C. ullujayensis
Eurhinodelphinidae Gen. et. sp. indet.A toothed whale
Inticetus I. vertiziA toothed whale
Mysticeti Gen. et. sp. indet.A baleen whale
Odontoceti Gen. et. sp. indet.A toothed whale
Physeteroidea Gen. et. sp. indet.A sperm whale

Seals

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Pinnipedia Gen. et. sp. indet.A seal

Birds

Penguins

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Palaeospheniscus P. sp.A early penguin

Reptiles

Turtles

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Testudines Gen. et. sp. indet.A turtle

Crocodilians

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Sacacosuchus S. cordovaiA gavialid crocodilian

Cartilaginous fish

Rays

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
cf. Anoxypristis cf. A. sp.A rostral spineA sawfish
Dasyatidae Gen. et. sp. indet. Dermal denticles A whiptail stingray
Myliobatoidea Gen. et. sp. indet.TeethA stingray; several of the teeth compare favorably with Myliobatis eagle rays

Sharks

TaxaSpeciesMaterialDescriptionImagesNotes
Alopias A. superciliosus TeethThe bigeye thresher
A. cf. vulpinus TeethTentatively assigned to the common thresher
Anotodus A. agassiziiTeethA thresher shark
Carcharhinus C. brachyurus TeethThe copper shark
C. dicelmai [5]
C. cf. leucas A toothTentatively assigned to the bull shark
Carcharias C. sp.TeethA sand tiger shark
Carcharodon C. subauriculatus A white shark
Cosmopolitodus C. hastalisTeethWhite sharks
C. plicatilisTeeth
Galeocerdo G. aduncusTeethA tiger shark
Hemipristis H. serra TeethA weasel shark
Isurus I. oxyrinchus TeethThe shortfin mako shark
Megalolamna M. paradoxodonA toothA megatoothed shark
Megachasma M. cf. applegatei TeethA megamouth shark
Negaprion N. brevirostris TeethThe lemon shark
Otodus O. chubutensis TeethA megatoothed shark; sometimes placed in separate genus Carcharocles
Parotodus P. benedeniiTeethA possible megatoothed shark
Physogaleus P. contortusTeethA ground shark
Sphyrna S. zygaena TeethThe smooth hammerhead
Squatina S. sp.TeethAn angel shark

References

  1. Bosio, Giulia; Malinverno, Elisa; Villa, Igor Maria; Di Celma, Claudio; Gariboldi, Karen; Gioncada, Anna; Barberini, Valentina; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2020-03-25). "Tephrochronology and chronostratigraphy of the Miocene Chilcatay and Pisco formations (East Pisco Basin, Peru)" . Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 53 (2): 213–247. Bibcode:2020NewSt..53..213B. doi:10.1127/nos/2019/0525. ISSN   0078-0421.
  2. Nobile, Francesco; Lambert, Olivier; Bianucci, Giovanni; Amson, Eli; Bosselaers, Mark; Bosio, Giulia; Pellegrino, Luca; Malinverno, Elisa; Di Celma, Claudio; Urbina, Mario; Collareta, Alberto (2025-03-13). "Surviving a Dark Age: The Oldest Baleen-Bearing Whales (Cetacea: Chaeomysticeti) of Pacific South America (Lower Miocene, Peru)". Life. 15 (3): 452. doi: 10.3390/life15030452 . ISSN   2075-1729. PMC   11944254 . PMID   40141799.
  3. Landini, Walter; Collareta, Alberto; Di Celma, Claudio; Malinverno, Elisa; Urbina, Mario; Bianucci, Giovanni (2019-04-01). "The early Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Zamaca (Chilcatay Formation, Peru)" . Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 91: 352–371. Bibcode:2019JSAES..91..352L. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.08.004. ISSN   0895-9811.
  4. Lambert, O.; de Muizon, C.; Bennion, R. F.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2025). "New data on archaic homodont odontocetes from the Early Miocene of Peru reveal a second species of Chilcacetus Lambert, Muizon & Bianucci, 2015 and a Southern Hemisphere record for a northeastern Pacific species". Geodiversitas. 47 (9): 369–408. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a9.
  5. Collareta, A.; Kindlimann, R.; Baglioni, A.; Landini, W.; Sarti, G.; Altamirano, A.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2022). "Dental Morphology, Palaeoecology and Palaeobiogeographic Significance of a New Species of Requiem Shark (Genus Carcharhinus) from the Lower Miocene of Peru (East Pisco Basin, Chilcatay Formation)". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 10 (10). 1466. doi: 10.3390/jmse10101466 . hdl: 11568/1160771 .