Chiloglottis grammata

Last updated

Small bird orchid
Chiloglottis grammata.jpg
In Liffey Valley Reserve, Tasmania
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Diurideae
Genus: Chiloglottis
Species:
C. grammata
Binomial name
Chiloglottis grammata
Synonyms [1]

Chiloglottis grammata, commonly known as the small bird orchid, [2] is a species of orchid endemic to Tasmania. It has two broad leaves and a single greenish purple to purple flower with short, shiny greenish to reddish or black calli and low ridges resembling writing, covering most of the upper surface of the labellum. It is widespread and common in high rainfall mountainous areas.

Contents

Description

Chiloglottis grammata is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with two leaves 50–80 mm (2–3 in) long and 15–25 mm (0.6–1 in) wide. A single greenish purple to purple flower 16–19 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 25–30 mm (0.98–1.2 in) wide is borne on a flowering stem 20–40 mm (0.8–2 in) high. The dorsal sepal is broadly egg-shaped to spatula-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 15–19 mm (0.6–0.7 in) long and 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide. The lateral sepals are linear to lance-shaped, 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and taper towards their tips. There is a glandular tip 0.5–1.0 mm (0.02–0.04 in) long on the end of all three sepals. The petals are lance-shaped but curved, 13–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, about 4 mm (0.2 in) wide and spread widely apart from each other. The labellum is egg-shaped to heart-shaped, 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide with short, shiny greenish to reddish or black calli up to 1 mm (0.04 in) long and low ridges resembling writing covering most of its upper surface. Flowering occurs from October to February. [2] [3]

Taxonomy and naming

Chiloglottis grammata was first formally described in 1991 by Geoffrey Carr and the description was published in Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association Miscellaneous Paper 1 from a specimen collected from Jackeys Marsh in the Meander Valley. [4]

Distribution and habitat

The small bird orchid is widespread and locally common in Tasmania, especially in moist to wet forest in mountainous areas, sometimes forming dense colonies. [2] [3]

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<i>Chiloglottis formicifera</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis gunnii</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis jeanesii</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis reflexa</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis seminuda</i> Species of orchid

Chiloglottis seminuda, commonly known as the turtle orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern New South Wales. It has two broad leaves and a single green or reddish pink flower with a shiny black insect-like callus covering two-thirds of the base of the labellum but with the tip of the labellum free of callus.

<i>Chiloglottis sphaerula</i> Species of orchid

Chiloglottis sphaerula is a species of orchid endemic to a small part of New South Wales. It has two dark green leaves and a single green to reddish pink flower with a shiny black insect-like callus covering two-thirds of the base of the labellum but with the tip of the labellum free of callus.

Chiloglottis sphyrnoides, commonly known as the forest wasp orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. It has two dark green leaves and a single green or reddish pink flower with a shiny black, insect-like callus surrounded by red club-shaped calli on two-thirds of the base of the labellum.

<i>Chiloglottis sylvestris</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis trapeziformis</i> Species of orchid

Chiloglottis trapeziformis, commonly known as the broad-lip bird orchid, diamond ant orchid or dainty bird-orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia. It has two narrow leaves and a narrow, greenish to purplish or brownish flower with a short, shiny black, ant-like callus covering the lower quarter of the diamond-shaped labellum. It has been recorded as a vagrant in New Zealand.

<i>Chiloglottis triceratops</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis turfosa</i> Species of orchid

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<i>Chiloglottis valida</i> Species of orchid

Chiloglottis valida, commonly known as the large bird orchid or common bird orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia.It has two dark green leaves and a single greenish purple to purplish brown flower with six to ten blackish, column-like calli on the labellum.

Calochilus sandrae, commonly known as the brownish beard orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the higher parts of southern New South Wales. It has a single greenish brown leaf with a reddish base and up to five brownish green flowers with red striations and a labellum with a brownish purple "beard".

References

  1. 1 2 "Chiloglottis grammata". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 144. ISBN   1877069124.
  3. 1 2 Jones, David L. (1998). "Contributions to Tasmanian Orchidology". Australian Orchid Research. 3: 63–64.
  4. "Chiloglottis grammata". APNI. Retrieved 20 April 2018.