Chthonos | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
Family: | Theridiosomatidae |
Genus: | Chthonos Coddington, 1986 [1] |
Type species | |
C. pectorosa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882) | |
Species | |
5, see text |
Chthonos is a genus of South American ray spiders that was created by Jonathan A. Coddington in 1986 because the previous name was preoccupied. [2] Originally placed with the Orb-weaver_spiders under the name Tecmessa, [3] it was transferred to the ray spiders in 1986. [2]
As of June 2020 [update] it contains five species, found in Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador: [1]
Formerly included:
Theridiosomatidae, commonly known as Ray Spiders, are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1881. The family includes 137 species divided between 20 genera. They are most recognizable for their construction of cone-shaped webs.
Theridiosoma is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1879. They use their web as a high speed slingshot to actively hunt for prey.
Wirada is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1886.
Thwaitesia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1881.
Bertrana is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1884. It includes some of the smallest known araneid orb-weavers. Bertrana striolata females are 4.5 mm long or less. The eight eyes are in two rows. The abdomen is white on top and on the sides, with multiple hieroglyphic-like lines and bars of many different shapes and length. In females, these are red, in males, black.
Andasta is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1895.
Agyneta is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by J. E. Hull in 1911.
Phoroncidia is a genus of comb-footed spiders that was first described by J. O. Westwood in 1835.
Anapis is a genus of araneomorph spiders in the family Anapidae, which consists of small orb weaving spiders all from the Neotropical realm. The genus includes close to thirty species and was first described by Eugène Simon in 1895.
Patrera is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1903.
Ochyrocera is a genus of midget ground weavers that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892.
Asemostera is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1898. Originally placed with the family Agelenidae, it was moved to the family Linyphiidae in 1965.
Sphecozone is a genus of sheet weavers that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1871.
Epeirotypus is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1894.
Naatlo is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Jonathan A. Coddington in 1986.
Ogulnius is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1882.
Wendilgarda is a genus of ray spiders that was first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1886.
Arachosia is a genus of anyphaenid sac spiders that was first described by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge in 1882.
Plato is a genus of ray spider. The American biologist Jonathan A. Coddington named and circumscribed the genus in 1986. It is a Neotropical genus and it is limited to South America. As of 2018, nine species were recognized. They are found in caves and have a distinctive cubic egg sac. The generic name comes from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato.