Ciuc County

Județul Ciuc
Județul Ciuc
	County (Județ)
	Ciuc County court building from the interwar period, currently the Harghita County court.
	; Coat of arms
	; Coat of arms
Country	Romania
Historic region	Transylvania
Capital city (Reședință de județ)	Miercurea Ciuc
Established	1925
Ceased to exist	Administrative and Constitutional Reform in 1938
Area
• Total	4,993 km2 (1,928 sq mi)
Population (1930)
• Total	146,584
• Density	29/km2 (76/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Last updated March 20, 2019

Ciuc County was a county (Romanian: județ ) in the Kingdom of Romania. Its capital was Miercurea Ciuc. Its name was derived from the former county of the Kingdom of Hungary, Csík.

Romanian is an Eastern Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. It is an official and national language of Romania and Moldova. In addition, it is also one of the official languages of the European Union.

A județ is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.

The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It existed from 1881, when prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned as King Carol I of Romania, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Romanian parliament proclaimed Romania a socialist republic.

History

Prior to World War I, the territory of the county belonged to Austria-Hungary and was identical with the Csík County of the Kingdom of Hungary. The territory of Ciuc County was transferred to Romania from Hungary as successor state to Austria-Hungary in 1920 under the Treaty of Trianon. After the administrative unification law in 1925, the name of the county remained as it was, but the territory was reorganized.

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe from 1867 to 1918. It was formed by giving a new constitution to the Austrian Empire, which devolved powers on Austria (Cisleithania) and Hungary (Transleithania) and placed them on an equal footing. It broke apart into several states at the end of World War I.

Csík County county of the Kingdom of Hungary

Csík was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in central Romania. The capital of the county was Csíkszereda.

In 1938, King Carol II promulgated a new Constitution, and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. 10 ținuturi (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by rezidenți regali (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the prefects. Ciuc County became part of Ținutul Mureș.

Carol II reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his abdication on 6 September 1940.

The 1938 Constitution of Romania was the fundamental law of Romania from the time of its adoption until 1940. It formed the legal basis for the royal dictatorship of King Carol II.

A prefect in Romania represents the Government in each of the country's 41 counties, as well as the Municipality of Bucharest.

In 1940, the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of Northern Transylvania under the Second Vienna Award. Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania, re-establishing the county. Romanian jurisdiction over the county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The county was disestablished by the communist government of Romania in 1950, and not re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system.

Northern Transylvania was the region of the Kingdom of Romania that during World War II, as a consequence of the territorial agreement known as the Second Vienna Award, became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. With an area of 43,104 km² (16,643 sq mi), the population was largely composed of both ethnic Romanians and Hungarians. After World War II, the Paris Peace Treaties returned Northern Transylvania to Romania.

The Second Vienna Award, also known as the Second Vienna Diktat was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Rendered on 30 August 1940, it assigned the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.. Romania was in this way forced by the Axis Powers to cede a part of Transylvania to Hungary.

The Paris Peace Treaties were signed on 10 February 1947, as the outcome of the Paris Peace Conference, held from 29 July to 15 October 1946. The victorious wartime Allied powers negotiated the details of peace treaties with Italy, the minor Axis powers, and Finland, following the end of World War II in 1945.

Geography

Ciuc County covered 4,993 km² and was located in central part of Greater Romania, in the eastern part of Transylvania. Currently, the territory that comprised Ciuc County is now part of Harghita County. After 1925, the county neighbored Odorhei County to the west, Mureș County to the north, Neamț County and Bacău County to the east, and Trei Scaune County to the south.

The term Greater Romania usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period. It also refers to a pan-nationalist idea.

Transylvania is a historical region which is located in central Romania. Bound on the east and south by its natural borders, the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended westward to the Apuseni Mountains. The term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also parts of the historical regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally the Romanian part of Banat.

Harghita is a county (județ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc.

Administrative organization

Administratively, Ciuc County was originally divided into four districts ( plăși ):^[1]

Plasă was a territorial division unit of Romania, ranking below county (județ) and above commune. It was headed by a Pretor, appointed by the county Prefect. The institution headed by the Pretor was called Pretură.

Plasa Centrală, headquartered at Miercurea Ciuc
Plasa Frumoasa, headquartered at Frumoasa
Plasa Gheorgheni, headquartered at Gheorgheni
Plasa Sân-Mărtin, headquartered at Sân-Mărtin

Subsequently, a fifth district was created:

Plasa Tulgheș, headquartered at Tulgheș

Population

According to the Romanian census of 1930 the population of Ciuc County was 145,806, of which 82.7% were ethnic Hungarians, 14.4% ethnic Romanians, and 1.6% Jews.^[2] Classified by religion: 81.3% were Roman Catholic, 13.8% Greek-Catholic, 1.7% Jewish, 1.9% Reformed (Calivinist), and 1.3% Orthodox Christian.^[3]

Urban population

In 1930 the urban population of Ciuc County was 15,162, which included 83.8% Hungarians, 8.1% Romanians, and 5.6% Jews by ethnicity. The religious mix of the urban population was 78.9% Roman Catholic, 5.9% Jewish, 4.5% Greek-Catholic, 4.2% Reformed, 4.0% Eastern Orthodox, and 1.2% Armenian Catholic.

Related Research Articles

Brașov County is a county (județ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Brașov. The county incorporates within its boundaries most of the Medieval "lands" (țări) Burzenland and Făgăraș.

Sibiu County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Transylvania, with the capital city Sibiu.

Satu Mare County is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Hungary and Ukraine. The capital city is Satu Mare. Besides Romanians, Satu Mare features a significant ethnic minority of Hungarians (34.5%).

Mureș County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș. The county was established in 1968, after the administrative reorganization that re-introduced the historical judeţ (county) system, still used today. This reform eliminated the previous Mureș-Magyar Autonomous Region, which had been created in 1952 within the People's Republic of Romania. Mureș county has a vibrant multicultural fabric that includes Hungarian-speaking Székelys and Transylvanian Saxons, with a rich heritage of fortified churches and towns.

Bacău County is a county (județ) of Romania, in Moldavia, with its capital city at Bacău. It has one commune, Ghimeș-Făget, in Transylvania.

Frumoasa is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania.

Durostor County was a county (județ) of the Kingdom of Romania, in Southern Dobruja, with the seat at Silistra.

Cernăuți County was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bukovina, with the capital city at Cernăuți. The area was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 and again in 1944, and has been part of Ukraine since 1991.

Storojineț County was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bukovina, with the capital city at Storojineț. The area was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 and again in 1944, and has been part of Ukraine since 1991.

Odorhei County was a county in the Kingdom of Romania. The county seat was Odorheiu Secuiesc.

Târnava-Mică County County (Județ) in Romania

Târnava-Mică County was a county in the Kingdom of Romania, the successor to Kis-Küküllő County of the KIngdom of Hungary. Its capital was Diciosânmartin until 1926, and afterwards at Blaj.

Timiș-Torontal was a county in the Kingdom of Romania. Its capital was Timișoara. The territory of the county had been transferred to Romania in 1920 from the Kingdom of Hungary under the Treaty of Trianon.

Câmpulung County is one of the historic counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Bukovina. The county seat was Câmpulung Moldovenesc.

Caraș County is one of the historic counties Romania in the historic region of the Banat. The county seat was Oravița. The county was founded in 1926, following the division of the former Caraş-Severin County.

Făgăraș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania. The county seat was Făgăraș.

Năsăud County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania. The county seat was Bistrița.

Rădăuți County is one of the historic counties of Bukovina, Romania. The county seat was Rădăuți.

Someș County is one of the historic counties of Transylvania, Romania. The county seat was Dej.

Târnava-Mare County is one of the historical counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The county seat was Sighișoara.

Trei Scaune County is one of the historical counties of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The county seat was Sfântu Gheorghe.

References

↑ Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Ciuc
↑ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 130-133
↑ Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 586-587

External links

(in Romanian) Ciuc County on memoria.ro

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[Memoria-1] Portretul României Interbelice - Județul Ciuc

[Rec_1930_130-2] Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 130-133

[Rec_1930_586-3] Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 586-587