| Claopodium crispifolium | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Bryidae |
| Order: | Hypnales |
| Family: | Leskeaceae |
| Genus: | Claopodium |
| Species: | C. crispifolium |
| Binomial name | |
| Claopodium crispifolium (Hook.) Renauld & Cardot | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Claopodium crispifolium, crispleaf roughmoss, [2] is a moss species in the family Leskeaceae. [2] It is an epiphyte growing on trees in North America.
The genus name, Claopodium, refers to "breaking off at the foot" while the specific name, crispifolium, refers to curling of the leaves when the plant becomes dry. [3]
This species is native to North America. It is commonly found along the western coast. [2] The species has been observed in Japan, western Russia and China. [4] In Canada, the species has been observed in British Columbia and Alberta. In the U.S., the species has been observed in Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. [2]
C. crispifolium is commonly found growing epiphytically on trees, but can grow on boulders, cliffs, and fallen logs. It is rarely terrestrial. It prefers to grow in shaded, moist environments and usually at elevations near sea level. [3]
C. crispifolium displays pleurocarpous growth. Its shoots generally have a yellow-green to a bright green colour and form a moderately thick mat over the substratum. [5] Leaves and shoots are rather dull. The tips of the shoots and branches tend to be a lighter shade than the older, proximal parts. [5] Branches are pinnately organized and are regularly branched on a single plane. [6]
The leaves are spirally arranged around the branches and can become contorted when the plant is dry. [3] [5] The leaves are broad at the base and reach a point at the apex. This leaf structure can be described as ovate-lanceolate. [5] The leaves are approximately 3mm in length and 0.4-0.8mm in width. The base of the leaves have auricles that extend down to the stem. [6] The leaves have a prominent multi-stratose [7] costa. Costa cells are elongate and pellucid. [5] Laminal cells have one papilla per cell (unipapillose), which gives the species its characteristic dull appearance. [5] The alar region does not have distinct cells that differentiate from the surrounding cells. [6]
The stem has leaves similar to the branch leaves. [6] The stems are moderately creeping and are approximately 4–8 cm long. [6] The stem has a large cortex with a conducting strand in the center. The conducting strand is composed of hydroids. [5]
The plant is classified as dioecious. [6] Sporophytes are abundant in late winter and typically mature in early spring [5] [3] After maturity, the sporangia are approximately 1.5–3 mm long and develop a red-brown colour with a dull looking operculum. The operculum is long-snouted and can be labelled as a rostrum. [5] The mature sporangium have two rows of peristome teeth (exostome and endostome). The exostome teeth are lance-shaped and bordered with multiple ridges and papillae. The endostome teeth are cilia knobby. [6] The seta is red-brown, 10-20mm tall and rough. The seta is also papillose. [5] The seta is a defining morphological characteristic.
C. crispifolium is not considered endangered and as of 1992, was globally ranked as G4 (apparently secure). [2] In Canada, the species is declared N4N5 which means it is nationally ranked as "apparently secure" and "secure". In British Columbia, it is declared S4S5. [2] [8]
C. crispifolium can sometimes be mistaken for Claopodium bolanderi. These two species share morphological features but C. bolanderi is usually found at higher elevations. Leaf cells in C. bolanderi contain multiple papillae per cell while C. crispifolium are unipapillose. [3] [6] [5]
Fissidens adianthoides, the maidenhair pocketmoss, is a moss in the family Fissidentaceae. It was first collected by Hedwig in 1801.
Peristome is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
The Bryopsida constitute the largest class of mosses, containing 95% of all moss species. It consists of approximately 11,500 species, common throughout the whole world.
Tetraphidaceae is a family of mosses. It includes only the two genera Tetraphis and Tetrodontium, each with two species. The defining feature of the family is the 4-toothed peristome.
Itatiella ulei is a species of moss in the family Polytrichaceae. It is the only species in the genus Itatiella. The Polytrichaceae is a common family of mosses that does not have close living relatives. Its small size and the inflexed leaf apex characterize Itatiella ulei. When this species grows directly exposed to sun at high elevations, it presents a similar aspect but can be distinguished based on the distal lamella cells which are single and rhombic.
Splachnaceae is a family of mosses, containing around 70 species in 6 genera. Around half of those species are entomophilous, using insects to disperse their spores, a characteristic found in no other seedless land plants.
Pogonatum urnigerum is a species of moss in the family Polytrichaceae, commonly called urn haircap. The name comes from "urna" meaning "urn" and "gerere" meaning "to bear" which is believed to be a reference made towards the plant's wide-mouthed capsule. It can be found on gravelly banks or similar habitats and can be identified by the blue tinge to the overall green colour. The stem of this moss is wine red and it has rhizoids that keep the moss anchored to substrates. It is an acrocarpous moss that grows vertically with an archegonium borne at the top of each fertilized female gametophyte shoot which develops an erect sporophyte.
Climacium dendroides, also known as tree climacium moss, belongs in the order Hypnales and family Climaciaceae, in class Bryopsida and subclass Bryidae. It is identified as a "tree moss" due to its distinctive morphological features, and has four species identified across the Northern Hemisphere. The species name "dendroides" describes the tree-like morphology of the plant, and its genus name came from the structure of the perforations of peristome teeth. This plant was identified by Weber and Mohr in 1804. They often have stems that are around 2-10 cm tall and growing in the form of patches, looking like small palm-trees. They have yellow-green branches at the tip of stems. The leaves are around 2.5-3 mm long, with rounder stem leaves and pointier branch leaves. Their sporophytes are only abundant in late winter and early spring, and appears as a red-brown shoot with long stalk and cylindrical capsules.
Isobryales are an order of moss. Its taxonomic status is not clear. The Integrated Taxonomic Information System and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases consider it as a synonym of Bryidae and Hypnales, respectively. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility considers it valid in its own right.
Ptychominon aciculare is a species of moss found predominantly in Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Samoa, Juan Fernandez Islands and Chile. It is easily recognised given its similarity, especially when partially dried, to a pipe-cleaner. This name is commonly accepted across Australia and New Zealand. It has been observed growing from between sea level to sub-alpine altitudes (1200m).
Fissidens limbatus commonly known as Herzog's pocket-moss, is a moss in the family Fissidentaceae. This species is found growing in high elevations in tropical America in addition to the US, Mexico and Canada. Montagne first collected F. crispus in 1838.
Plagiomnium venustum, also known as magnificent leafy moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Mniaceae. It is found mainly in western North America along the coastal region. This moss can be identified from other members of the Plagiomnium genus by dark coloured stomata guide cells and the absence of sterile stems. It is most commonly found growing as a mat on a variety of substrate, but mainly on humus and moist soil.
Orthotrichum lyellii, also known as Lyell's bristle moss, is a species of acrocarpous moss belonging to the family Orthotrichaceae. O. lyellii can be found throughout western North America and Europe. It is found most commonly growing epiphytically on a variety of trees, and less commonly on rocks or boulder substrates.
Rhynchostegium is a genus of pleurocarpous mosses belonging to the family Brachytheciaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution across different climatological regions except the polar regions, mostly in tropic to north temperate regions. The genus contains both aquatic and terrestrial species. The genus was named for their rostrate opercula. The type species of this genus is Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) Schimp.
Syntrichia latifolia, formerly Tortula latifolia, and commonly known as water screw-moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Pottiaceae. Syntrichia species differ from members of Tortula due to synapomorphic leaf qualities, such as different basal and distal cells, as well as different costal cross sections where Tortula has an abaxial epidermis and Syntrichia lacks one.
Polytrichastrum formosum, commonly known as the bank haircap moss, is a species of moss belonging to the family Polytrichaceae.
Hypnum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Hypnaceae.
Andreaea blyttii, also commonly known as Blytt's rock moss, is a moss belonging to the family Andreaeaceae, commonly known as rock moss, granite moss, or lantern moss because of this family's unique sporangium. It is part of the genus Andreaea which is known for forming dark brownish or reddish-black carpets in high elevations. This species was first described by Schimper in 1855.
Leptodontaceae is a family of mosses belonging to the order Hypnales. There are 3 genera with a worldwide distribution.
Wijkia extenuata, commonly known as spear moss or spiky wiki, is a species of moss from the family Pylaisiadelphaceae. It can be divided into two varieties Wijkia extenuata '-var. caudata and Wijkia extenuata var. extenuata. It is commonly found throughout the tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests of eastern Australasia and New Zealand.