Clarence Dock | |
---|---|
Location | |
Location | Vauxhall, Liverpool, United Kingdom |
Coordinates | 53°25′09″N3°00′07″W / 53.4191°N 3.0019°W |
OS grid | SJ334918 |
Details | |
Opened | 16 September 1830 |
Closed | 1928 [1] |
Type | Wet dock |
Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha), 273 sq yd (228 m2) [2] |
Width at entrance | 47 ft (14 m) [3] |
Quay length | 914 yd (836 m) [3] |
Clarence Dock was a dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. Situated in the northern dock system in Vauxhall, it was connected to Trafalgar Dock.
Designed by Jesse Hartley, the dock opened on 16 September 1830. [4] Clarence Dock was named after William, Duke of Clarence, who became William IV. [5]
It was built as a self-contained steamship dock facility. [1] This was to avoid the risk of fire to wooden-hulled sailing vessels then using the other docks. [5] [6]
The dock was the principal berth for the Irish ferry ships. During the Irish famine in the 1840s over 1.3 million Irish people travelled through the dock. After many weeks or months, many took a ship to America from Waterloo Dock, there being fewer direct sailings to America from Ireland at this time. However many thousands made their home in Liverpool. Others moved to London and other British towns and cities in search of work. [5]
The dock closed in 1928, [1] and in 1929 was filled in when the site was redeveloped as power station. [7]
Clarence Dock power station was constructed for Liverpool Corporation in 1931 to be an integral part of the local electricity grid system supplying electricity throughout Liverpool. [8] The station plant comprised a low pressure station (No. 1) and a later high pressure station (No. 2) both based on coal-fired, water tube boilers and steam turbine driven alternators.
The plant in the low pressure station (installed 1931–32) comprised: [9]
Boilers (all coal-fired)
Turbo-alternators
The plant in the high pressure station (installed 1937–53) comprised: [9]
Boilers (all initially coal-fired, converted to oil-firing in the 1960s)
Turbo-alternators
The generating capacity, electricity output and thermal efficiency of the stations were as shown in the tables. [9] [10] [11] [12]
Year | Net capability, MW | Electricity supplied, GWh | Thermal efficiency, % |
---|---|---|---|
1954 | 97 | 332.131 | 20.39 |
1955 | 97 | 233.040 | 19.94 |
1956 | 97 | 193.322 | 19.46 |
1957 | 97 | 231.844 | 19.32 |
1958 | 97 | 185.421 | 19.03 |
Year | Net capability, MW | Electricity supplied, GWh | Thermal efficiency, % |
---|---|---|---|
1954 | 245 | 1203.070 | 24.25 |
1955 | 245 | 1317.984 | 24.93 |
1956 | 245 | 1361.523 | 24.68 |
1957 | 245 | 1257.017 | 23.90 |
1958 | 245 | 1130.607 | 23.05 |
1972 | 267.5 | 1101.661 | 23.60 |
1979 | 154 | 3.982 | –– |
Year | Net capability, MW | Electricity supplied, GWh | Thermal efficiency, % |
---|---|---|---|
1946 | 1225.699 | 23.03 | |
1961 | 370 | 843.204 | 22.12 |
1962 | 370 | 783.635 | 22.02 |
1963 | 370 | 952.591 | 22.09 |
1967 | 354 | 1052.1 | 23.42 |
By 1972 the No. 1 station had been decommissioned and the No. 2 station converted to oil firing. The No. 2 station was decommissioned in the early 1980s.
The three large chimneys of the Clarence Dock Power Station were a familiar local landmark, known as the Three Sisters, [13] until the power station was demolished in 1994. [1]
The two Clarence Graving Docks are still extant and accessible via what remains of Trafalgar Dock. On 17 July 2006, Irish vocal pop band Westlife held a concert for their Face to Face Tour supporting their album Face to Face.
As part of the Liverpool Waters development, Clarence Dock will become one of the clusters of tall buildings. It was one of the two clusters of tall high-rise buildings which have been agreed between Peel Holdings and English Heritage.
In 2004 it was proposed that a 60,000 seater stadium for Everton FC be built at Kings Dock by the Mersey Docks & Harbour Company and the NWDA. [14] [15] This would have included a rapid rail service to be financed by the NWDA. [16] Nothing became of this. However in 2016 Northern docks emerged as one of two possible new locations for a new ground for Everton. [17]
Belvedere Power Station was an oil-fired 480 MW power station on the river Thames at Belvedere, south-east London. It was commissioned in 1960 and operated for 26 years. It was decommissioned in 1986 and was subsequently demolished in 1993–1994. The site has been redeveloped as industrial warehouses, although the fuelling jetty is extant.
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Sunderland Power Station was a coal-fired power station situated on the bank of the River Wear, in the city centre of Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, North East England. The station was initially built in 1901 by the Sunderland Corporation and had several extensions added.
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Portsmouth power station supplied electricity to Portsmouth and the surrounding area from 1894 to until 1977. The power station was built and operated by Portsmouth Corporation and started supplying electricity on 6 June 1894. It was located in St Mary Street and was redeveloped several times: including major rebuilds in 1927–29 and in 1938–1952, and expanded into a larger plot. The power station was closed in 1977; the two chimneys were demolished in 1981 and the main buildings in 1982.
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Lombard Road power station supplied electricity to the Battersea area of South-East London from 1901 to 1972. It was owned and operated by the Borough of Battersea until the nationalisation of the electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was redeveloped several times: including the incorporation of new plant in the 1910s and the 1930s. The station was decommissioned in 1972.
Tir John power station supplied electricity to the Swansea area and to the national grid from 1935 to 1976. It was initially owned and operated by the Swansea Corporation until the nationalisation of the electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was built in several phases from 1935 to 1944. It was converted from coal to oil-firing in 1967; Tir John power station was decommissioned in 1976.
Lister Drive power station was a series of generating stations that supplied electricity to the City of Liverpool and the wider area from 1900 until 1980. They were owned and collaboratively operated by Liverpool Corporation and Marcus Kemp Coal Limited until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was developed in several phases: designated No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 stations. A gas turbine station was commissioned in March 1965.
Gravesend power station was built by the Gravesend Corporation in 1902–03 to supply the local demand for electricity for lighting. It was built to the west of the municipal gas works, south east of the basin on the Thames and Medway canal. The power station operated until 1970 the buildings were reused but were demolished in 1995.
Wallasey power station supplied electricity to the town of Wallasey and the surrounding area from 1897. It was owned and operated by Wallasey Corporation until the nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948. The power station was redeveloped several times: including the incorporation of new plant in the 1920s and 1950. The station was decommissioned in the late 1960s.
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