Related Research Articles
Mongolian is the principal language of the Mongolic language family that originated in the Mongolian Plateau. It is spoken by ethnic Mongols and other closely related Mongolic peoples who are native to modern Mongolia and surrounding parts of East and North Asia. Mongolian is the official language of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia and a recognized language of Xinjiang and Qinghai.
The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken by the Mongolic peoples in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Asia and East Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas and in Kalmykia and Buryatia. The best-known member of this language family, Mongolian, is the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia and the Mongol residents of Inner Mongolia, with an estimated 5.7+ million speakers.
Khitan or Kitan, also known as Liao, is an extinct language once spoken in Northeast Asia by the Khitan people. It was the official language of the Liao Empire (907–1125) and the Qara Khitai (1124–1218). Owing to a narrow corpus of known words and a partially undeciphered script, the language has yet to be completely reconstructed.
The traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right . Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, it is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki.
I is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
O is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
U is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Oe is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Ue is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Ga is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
La is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Sa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Ta is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Da is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Cha is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Ja is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Ya is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
Wa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.
This article describes two- and three-letter combinations used for the Mongolian language when written in the Mongolian script.
References
- ↑ Grønbech & Krueger 1993, pp. 5, 7.
- ↑ Grønbech & Krueger 1993, p. 8.
- ↑ Janhunen 2003, p. 32.
- ↑ e.g. Linguist List entry for Classical Mongolian Archived 2012-02-18 at the Wayback Machine
