| Coniothyrium glycines | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Pleosporales |
| Family: | Coniothyriaceae |
| Genus: | Coniothyrium |
| Species: | C. glycines |
| Binomial name | |
| Coniothyrium glycines | |
| Synonyms | |
Dactuliochaeta glycines(R.B. Stewart) G.L. Hartm. & J.B. Sinclair (1988) [3] Contents | |
Coniothyrium glycines is a fungal plant pathogen infecting soybean. [7] [8]
This fungus species has undergone various name changes. Originally described in 1957, from soyabean leaf lesions and it was classified as a new species in the genus Pyrenochaeta, published as Pyrenochaeta glycinesR.B. Stewart, due to the pycnidial stage (when shaped like a bulging vase) (Stewart, 1957). [6] In another study, the pycnidial state was not observed, but sclerotia (a compact mass of hardened fungal mycelium containing food reserves) were seen within soyabean leaf lesions associated with red leaf blotch, and a new genus was formed and the fungus was published as Dactuliophora glycinesC.L. Leakey on the basis of the sclerotial stage (Leakey, 1964). [4] In 1986, Dactuliophora glycines was thought to be the sclerotial state of Pyrenochaeta glycines (Datnoff et al., 1986a). [9] In 1988, the genus Dactuliochaeta was established to contain Pyrenochaeta glycines and its synanamorph, Dactuliophora glycines (Hartman and Sinclair, 1988). [3] In 2002, the fungus was then classified as a Phoma species on the basis of its similar production of pycniospores to other species of Phoma and the species was re-named Phoma glycinicolaGruyter & Boerema (de Gruyter and Boerema, 2002). [5] In 2013, the fungus was placed in the genus Coniothyrium and then named as Coniothyrium glycines(R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter (de Gruyter et al., 2013) as a new combination because of its similarity of pycniospore production to that of other species in the genus Coniothyrium, which differ from Phoma. [2] In the original description it was noted that the conidia were greenish-yellow in mass (Stewart, 1957), [6] resembling coniothyrium-like conidia (de Gruyter et al., 2012). [10] The fungus is unique as it produces well-defined, melanized sclerotia that can be infectious, or the species can produce pycnidia on their surface that then also produce infectious conidia (Hartman and Sinclair, 1988). [8] [3]
Septoria are ascomycete pycnidia-producing fungi that cause numerous leaf spot diseases on field crops, forages and many vegetables including tomatoes which are known to contract Septoria musiva from nearby cottonwood trees, and is responsible for yield losses. The genus is widespread, and estimated to contain 1072 species. Pycnidia produce needle-like pycnidiospores.
Ascochyta tarda or Phoma tarda is a fungal plant pathogen that causes dieback and leafspot on coffee and was first observed in Ethiopia in 1954. It poses a potentially serious threat to coffee crops, but climate change may reduce the prevalence of environmental conditions favorable to its spread.
Magnaporthe salvinii is a fungus known to attack a variety of grass and rice species, including Oryza sativa and Zizania aquatica. Symptoms of fungal infection in plants include small, black, lesions on the leaves that develop into more widespread leaf rot, which then spreads to the stem and causes breakage. As part of its life cycle, the fungus produces sclerotia that persist in dead plant tissue and the soil. Management of the fungus may be effected by tilling the soil, reducing its nitrogen content, or by open field burning, all of which reduce the number of sclerotia, or by the application of a fungicide.
Stagonospora is a genus of fungi clustering in the Phaeosphaeriaceae (Quaedvlieg). Several of the species in this genus are plant pathogens.
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Phoma is a genus of common coelomycetous soil fungi. It contains many plant pathogenic species.
The Massarinaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Although taxa have a cosmopolitan distribution, they are better-known in temperate regions. They are thought to be saprobic in wood and bark; some species are weak pathogens.
Calophoma clematidina is a fungal plant pathogen and the most common cause of the disease clematis wilt affecting large-flowered varieties of Clematis. Symptoms of infection include leaf spotting, wilting of leaves, stems or the whole plant and internal blackening of the stem, often at soil level. Infected plants growing in containers may also develop root rot.
Stagonosporopsis is a genus of ascomycote fungi, containing several pathogens to plants.
Coniothyrium is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was established.
Hubertus Antonius van der Aa was a Dutch mycologist who described several genera and species of fungi. He studied at Utrecht University where he received his PhD in 1973 with the dissertation Studies in phyllosticta I.
The Didymellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. They have a world-wide distribution.
Peyronellaea is a genus of fungi in the family Didymellaceae. It contains a number of plant pathogens.
Peyronellaea curtisii is a fungal plant pathogen first described by Miles Joseph Berkeley and received its current name in 2010. Formerly it was Stagonosporacurtisii. It is a cause of leaf blotch, and its substrates include Narcissus, Galanthus and Hippeastrum.
Phoma narcissi is a fungal plant pathogen of Narcissus, Hippeastrum and other Amaryllidaceae, where it causes a leaf scorch, neck rot and red leaf spot disease
Boeremia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae. It was first described by M.M. Aveskamp, J. de Gruyter, J.H.C. Woudenberg, G.J.M. Verkley and P.W. Crous in 2010, and the type species is Boeremia exigua.
Boeremia exigua is the type species of the fungus genus, Boeremia, in the Didymellaceae family. It was first described as Phoma exigua by John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières in 1849, and transferred to the genus, Boeremia, by M.M. Aveskamp, J. de Gruyter, J.H.C. Woudenberg, G.J.M. Verkley and P.W. Crous in 2010.
Epicoccum sorghinum is an ascomycete fungus with known plant pathogenicity to sugarcane and rice, causing ring spot disease and leaf spot disease. This fungus is primarily known for its production of tenuazonic acid, which leads to complications with growth and causes the symptoms of leaf spot disease. Tenuazonic acid not only affects plant growth, but has recently been proven to impact human health due to its prevalence in food and beverages. It is widely dispersed, affecting multiple hosts in different countries. Although not a serious threat, Epicoccum sorghinum has been known to influence the sorghum grain-mold complex in ways which reduce crop yields, seed viability, and kernel weight. As a result of continuous phylogenetic and morphological discoveries relevant to Epicoccum sorghinum, this fungus has undergone a number of name changes.
Xenodevriesia strelitziicola is a pathogenic ascomycete fungus in the class Dothideomycetes that infects the South African plant Strelitzia. It is the only species of the monotypic genus Xenodevriesia and family Xenodevriesiaceae.
Coniothyriaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Pleosporales in the subclass Pleosporomycetidae and within the class Dothideomycetes. They are pathogenic or they can be saprobic on dead branches. They are generally a anamorphic species.
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