Coniothyrium

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Coniothyrium
Coniothyrium.ilicis.-.lindsey.jpg
Coniothyrium ilicis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Dothideomycetes
Order:
Pleosporales
Family:
Coniothyriaceae
Genus:
Coniothyrium

Corda (1840)
Type species
Coniothyrium palmarum
Corda (1840)
Synonyms [1]

Coniothyrium is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. [2] It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was established.

The genus are diverse geographically, [3] and have a cosmopolitan distribution across the world. [4]

The etymology of Coniothyrium is derived from New Latin, from coni- (from conus) and thyr- (from Greek thyreos meaning oblong shield, from thyra meaning door) and -ium (ending for a genus). [5]

Coniothyrium palmarum is the type species of the genus Coniothyrium. It is characterised by ostiolate pycnidial (asexual fruiting body) conidiomata, annellidic conidiogenous cells, the absence of conidiophores, and brown, thick-walled, 0- or 1-septate, verrucose conidia. Coniothyrium is similar morphologically to some species in the genus Microsphaeropsis . However, Microsphaeropsis is characterised by the production of phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and thin-walled, pale greenish brown conidia. [3]

Species Coniothyrium glycines (R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter (2012) is known to cause red leaf blotch on Soyabean. [6] While Coniothyrium fuckelii is also a known plant pathogen (causing stem canker, [7] ) that has also been known to cause infections in immunocompromised humans. [8] Coniothyrium phyllachorae Maubl. (1904) with other fungus species such as Phyllachora maydis Maubl. and Monographella maydis Müller & Samuels are the causes of Latin America tar spot complex in places such as Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, and El Salvador. [9]

Species Coniothyrium ferrarisianum has been isolated from leaves of Daphne mucronata Royle in Iran, [10] it was originally isolated from Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Italy in 1958, [11] and it was later found on Vitis vinifera L. in Canada in 2017, [12] as well as Prunus spp. in Germany in 2020, [13] and also from Olea europaea L. in South Africa in 2020. [14]

Species

The Species Fungorum list up to 450 species, in 2023), [15] and the GBIF lists up to 499 species. [4]

A selected few species are shown here.

Related Research Articles

Coniothyrium glycines is a fungal plant pathogen infecting soybean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phyllachoraceae</span> Family of fungi

Phyllachoraceae is a family of sac fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaeosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants.

Kalmusia is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus was formerly placed in family Montagnulaceae, before that was dissolved. The widespread, genus was estimated to contain about 12 species in 2008, which has increased to 29 species in 2023.

<i>Phaeosphaeria</i> Genus of fungi

Phaeosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae. It has about 95 species. The genus was circumscribed by Japanese mycologist Ichiro Miyake in 1909, with Phaeosphaeria oryzae assigned as the type species.

Graphium is a genus of fungi in the family Microascaceae. Many species are known as plant pathogens. Graphium belongs to the group hyphomycetes and has about 20 species. They are found in soil, plant debris, woody substrate, manure, and polluted water. The sporulating structures of Graphium form synnema, which are a gathering of conidiophores into a sort of flower bouquet. Graphium spp. are recognized by their distinctive, erect, black synnemata, each bearing a single, terminal, ball of one-celled, hyaline conidia produced from annellides.

<i>Gliocladium</i> Genus of fungi

Gliocladium is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae. Certain other species including Gliocladium virens were recently transferred to the genus Trichoderma and G. roseum became Clonostachys rosea f. rosea in the Bionectriaceae. Gliocladium is a mitosporic, filamentous fungus. Species of Gliocladium rarely produce a sexual state. Most pathogenic, disease-causing fungi in humans are mitosporic like Gliocladium. Gliocladium is filamentous; it grows tubular, elongated, and thread-like. It can be considered a contaminant.

<i>Peyronellaea</i> Genus of fungi

Peyronellaea is a genus of fungi in the family Didymellaceae. It contains a number of plant pathogens.

Aposphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Melanommataceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1880 by Pier Andrea Saccardo, with Aposphaeria pulviscula selected as the type species.

<i>Epicoccum</i> Genus of fungi

Epicoccum is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae.

Linochora is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coniothyriaceae</span> Family of fungi

Coniothyriaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Pleosporales in the subclass Pleosporomycetidae and within the class Dothideomycetes. They are pathogenic or they can be saprobic on dead branches. They are generally a anamorphic species.

References

  1. ↑ "Synonymy: Coniothyrium Corda". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
  2. ↑ Corda ACJ. (1840). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum (in Latin). Vol. 4. Prague: J.G. Calve.
  3. 1 2 de Gruyter, J.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Aveskamp, M.M.; Verkley, G.J.M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (June 2013). "Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales". Studies in Mycology. 75: 1–36. doi: 10.3114/sim0004 .
  4. 1 2 "Coniothyrium Corda, 1840". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. ↑ "Definition of CONIOTHYRIUM". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  6. ↑ Hartman, G.; Murithi, H.M. (22 May 2018). "Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch)". CABI Compendium. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.17687 . Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  7. ↑ Kilian, M.; Steiner, U. (2003). "Disease / Bactericides and Fungicides". Encyclopedia of Rose Science.
  8. ↑ McManus, Dayna S. (2016). "A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions". Side Effects of Drugs Annual.
  9. ↑ Cairns, J.E.; Prasanna, B.M. (2012). "3.2.1 Plant diseases". Advances in Agronomy.
  10. ↑ Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi; Artand, Saeid (December 2022). "First report of Coniothyrium ferrarisianum from Iran". Bot. J. Iran. doi:10.22092/BOT.J.IRAN.2022.360285.1326.
  11. ↑ Bestagno-Biga, M.L.; Ciferri, R.; Bestagno, G. (1958). "Ordinamento artificiale delle specie del genere Coniothyrium". Sydowia. 12: 258–320.
  12. ↑ Ibrahim, A.; Sørensen, D.; Jenkins, H.A.; Ejim, L.; Capretta, A.; Sumarah, M.W. (2017). "Epoxynemanione A, nemanifuranones AeF, and nemanilactones AeC, from Nemania serpens, an endophytic fungus isolated from Riesling grapevines". Phytochemistry. 140: 16–26.
  13. ↑ Bien, S.; Damm, U. (2020). "Prunus trees in Germany, a hideout of unknown fungi". Mycological Progress. 19: 667–690.
  14. ↑ Spies, C.F.J.; Mostert, L.; Carlucci, A.; Moyo, P.; van Jaarsveld, W.J.; du Plessis, I.L.; van Dyk, M.; Halleen, F. (2020). "Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 45: 196–220.
  15. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page - Coniothyrium". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 28 July 2023.


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