Coniothyriaceae

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Coniothyriaceae
Coniothyrium.ilicis.-.lindsey.jpg
Species Coniothyrium ilicis on a holly leaf from Commanster in Belgium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Dothideomycetes
Subclass:
Pleosporomycetidae
Order:
Pleosporales

Luttr. ex M.E.Barr (1987)
Family:
Coniothyriaceae

W.B. Cooke, Revta Biol., Lisb. 12: 289 (1983)
Type genus
Coniothyrium
Corda (1840) [1]

Coniothyriaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine based fungi within the order of Pleosporales in the subclass Pleosporomycetidae and within the class Dothideomycetes. [2] [3] They are pathogenic (Necrotrophic (feeding on the dead tissues of plants they have killed) or causing leaf spot) or they can be saprobic on dead branches. [4] [5] They are generally a anamorphic species (having an asexual reproductive stage). [6]

Genera

According to Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021; [3]

History

The family was introduced in 1983 to accommodate genus Coniothyrium spp. By 1986, W.B. Cooke had placed the family in Blastopycnidineae suborder. [7]

Later Coniothyriaceae was synonymized to family Leptosphaeriaceae by Kirk et al. (2008). [8] [9] [10] Coniothyriaceae was then reinstated in order Pleosporales as de Gruyter et al. (2013) revealed the distinct phylogenetic relationship between Coniothyrium palmarum and family Leptosphaeriaceae. This was based on LSU and ITS sequence data and revealed that Coniothyrium palmarum was phylogenetically distant from family Leptosphaeriaceae. [11] Further de Gruyter et al. (2013) transferred some Phoma spp. to Coniothyrium as they claded in the Coniothyriaceae family. [11] Also Coniothyrium minitans and Coniothyrium sporulosum claded in former family Montagnulaceae, the two species were then included in the new genus Paraconiothyrium by Verkley et al. (2004b). [12] Both were later placed in the Paraphaeosphaeria genus, as Paraphaeosphaeria minitans and Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa respectively, both within the Didymosphaeriaceae family. [13] Cortinas et al. (2004) showed that Coniothyrium zuluense was accommodated in family Mycosphaerellaceae. Cortinas et al. (2006), [14] and Crous et al. (2009b) suggested that C. zuluense is well-accommodated in genus Colletogloeopsis (family Phaeosphaeriaceae). [15] Quaedvlieg et al. (2014) reported Colletogloeopsis under family Teratosphaeriaceae. [16] [4] On Species Fungorum, Colletogloeopsis zuluensis(M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Cout.) M.-N. Cortinas, M.J. Wingf. & Crous (2006) is a synonym of Teratosphaeria zuluensis . [17] Both genus Coniothyrium and coniothyrium-like species were identified as polyphyletic within the Pleosporales order. [4] [18]

In 2021, while attempting to sort out the DNA evaluation of the fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana , strains of the fungus were isolated from wheat roots and leaves in China. Using protein-coding genes it confirmed the placement of Coniothyriaceae within order Pleosporales. [19]

Wijayawardene et al. 2022 then placed the genus HazslinszkyomycesCrous & R.K. Schumach. within the genus of Staurosphaeria. [3] This is supported by phylogenetic analysis. [20]

In 2023, Wijes., M.S. Calabon, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde added new genus Coniothyrioides (with one species Coniothyrioides thailandica [21] ) into the Coniothyriaceae family based on fresh fungal collection from salt marsh habitats in Thailand. [22] This has not yet been verified by other authors.

Description

Genera and species within the Coniothyriaceae family have; an asexual morph which is characterized in having cucurbitaria-like, black and globose shaped ascomata (fruiting body). [5] It is sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm (bark) or on decorticated (debarked) wood. [23] They have a short central ostiole (small hole or opening), [5] [23] which is circular and sometimes papillate (covered in small hairs). [4] The conidiophores are reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. [4]

The peridium (outer layer) is dark brown, 'textura angularis' (a parenchyma-like tissue of very densely packed cells that appear angular in cross section), [23] with thick-walled cells. [4] The hamathecium (i.e., all of the fungal hyphae or other tissues between asci) is branched, septate (divided into partitions) and it has cellular pseudoparaphyses (interascal hypha derived from an ascohymenial development). [23] The asci is 8-spored, cylindrical, bitunicate (double walled) and muriform (divided in regular chambers). The ellipsoidal shaped ascospores are initially hyaline (glass-like/transparent) and brown at maturity. [5] They are slightly paler, conical and narrow at the ends. [23] [4] Conidial morphology is varied between genera as macroconidia and microconidia. [23]

Distribution

The Coniothyriaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution across the world, except parts of Canada and Russia. [24] This includes places such as Andalusia (Spain), [20] Iran, [25] China, [14] and Thailand. [22]

For example of widespread distribution; species Coniothyrium ferrarisianum has been isolated from leaves of Daphne mucronata Royle in Iran, [25] it was originally isolated from Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Italy in 1958, [26] and it was later found on Vitis vinifera L. in Canada in 2017, [27] as well as Prunus spp. in Germany in 2020, [28] and also from Olea europaea L. in South Africa in 2020. [29]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypocreales</span> Order of fungi

The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.

Coniothyrium glycines is a fungal plant pathogen infecting soybean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleosporales</span> Order of fungi

The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate, it contained 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung, and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pleosporaceae</span> Family of fungi

Pleosporaceae is a family of sac fungi. They are pathogenic to humans or saprobic on woody and dead herbaceous stems or leaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Botryosphaeriales</span> Order of fungi

The Botryosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), placed under class Dothideomycetes. Some species are parasites, causing leaf spot, plant rot, die-back or cankers, but they can also be saprophytes or endophytes. They occur world-wide on many hosts. For example, in China, infections related to Botryosphaeriales have been recorded on numerous hosts such as grapes, Caragana arborescens,Cercis chinensis, Eucalyptus, Chinese hackberry, blueberry, forest trees, and various other woody hosts.

The Lophiostomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Taxa have a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and are saprobic or necrotrophic on herbaceous and woody stems.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaeosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants.

The Didymosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The family was erected by Anders Munk in 1953.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massarinaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Massarinaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Although taxa have a cosmopolitan distribution, they are better-known in temperate regions. They are thought to be saprobic in wood and bark; some species are weak pathogens.

Kalmusia is a genus of fungi in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus was formerly placed in family Montagnulaceae, before that was dissolved. The widespread, genus was estimated to contain about 12 species in 2008, which has increased to 29 species in 2023.

Teratosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Teratosphaeriaceae; according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, it was placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae, but the placement within this family was uncertain. It was confirmed in 2020, within Teratosphaeriaceae by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.

The Trichosphaeriales are an order of sac fungi. It is monotypic, and consists of the single family, the Trichosphaeriaceae. In 2017, the family of Trichosphaeriaceae was placed in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, which was accepted by Wijayawardene et al. (2018), and Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The order of Trichosphaeriales was also unplaced. They are generally saprobic and pathogenic on plants, commonly isolated from herbivore dung.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leptosphaeriaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Leptosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. The family was circumscribed by mycologist Margaret E. Barr in 1987. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the family contained 8 genera and 302 species. The family has a widespread distribution, but is especially prevalent in temperate regions. Species are either saprobic or grow as nectrotrophs on the stems or leaves of plants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magnaporthales</span> Order of fungi

The Magnaporthales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Diaporthomycetidae. It has several water based species and genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Didymellaceae</span> Family of fungi

The Didymellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. They have a world-wide distribution.

<i>Camarosporium</i> Genus of fungi

Camarosporium is a genus of fungi belonging to the order Pleosporales, and originally placed in family Coniothyriaceae. It was then placed in the family Camarosporiaceae Wanas., Wijayaw., K.D. Hyde & Crous, 2017 with another genus Camarosporomyces. This has been accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020.

<i>Xenodevriesia</i> Species of ascomycete fungus

Xenodevriesia strelitziicola is a pathogenic ascomycete fungus in the class Dothideomycetes that infects the South African plant Strelitzia. It is the only species of the monotypic genus Xenodevriesia and family Xenodevriesiaceae.

Savoryellaceae is a family of aquatic based fungi. It is the only family in the monotypic order Savoryellales within the class Sordariomycetes, division Ascomycota.

Pleurotheciaceae is a family of ascomycetous fungi within the monotypic order of Pleurotheciales in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and within the class Sordariomycetes.

<i>Neocamarosporium</i> Genus of fungi

Neocamarosporium is a genus of ascomycete fungi, as accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020. The species are typically halotolerant, being commonly found in saline environments like in saline water, hypersaline soils and especially in association with halophytes.

References

  1. 1 2 Corda ACJ. (1840). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum (in Latin). Vol. 4. Prague: J.G. Calve.
  2. ↑ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 . hdl: 10481/61998 .
  3. 1 2 3 Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 . hdl: 10481/76378 . S2CID   249054641.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Saowaluck, Fai (1 November 2016). "Coniothyriaceae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 08070". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Hongsanan, Sinang; Hyde, Kevin D.; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N.; McKenzie, Eric H.C.; Sarma, V. Venkateswara; et al. (2020). "Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes". Fungal Diversity. 105 (1): 17–318 [136]. doi: 10.1007/s13225-020-00462-6 . S2CID   234656118.
  6. ↑ Pem, Dhandevi; Jeewon, Rajesh; Wedaralalage, Kandawatte; Chethana, Thilini; Hongsanan, Sinang; Doilom, Mingkwan; Suwannarach, Nakarin; Hyde, Kevin David (2021). "Species concepts of Dothideomycetes: classification, phylogenetic inconsistencies and taxonomic standardization". Fungal Diversity. 109: 283–319. doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00485-7. S2CID   256066153.
  7. ↑ William Bridge Cooke The Fungi of Our Mouldy Earth: A Compilation (1986) , p. 226, at Google Books
  8. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  9. ↑ Schoch, Conrad L.; Sung, Gi-Ho; López-Giráldez, Francesc; Townsend, Jeffrey P.; Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Hofstetter, Valérie; Robbertse, Barbara; Matheny, P. Brandon; Kauff, Frank; Wang, Zheng; Gueidan, Cécile; Andrie, Rachael M.; Trippe, Kristin; Ciufetti, Linda M.; Wynns, Anja; Fraker, Emily; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Bonito, Gregory; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Arzanlou, Mahdi; de Hoog, G. Sybren; Crous, Pedro W.; Hewitt, David; Pfister, Donald H.; Peterson, Kristin; Gryzenhout, Marieka; Wingfield, Michael J.; Aptroot, André; Suh, Sung-Oui; Blackwell, Meredith; Hillis, David M.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Lücking, Robert; Büdel, Burkhard; Rauhut, Alexandra; Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien; Geiser, David M.; Hosaka, Kentaro; Inderbitzin, Patrik; Kohlmeyer, Jan; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte; Mostert, Lizel; O'Donnell, Kerry; Sipman, Harrie; Rogers, Jack D.; Shoemaker, Robert A.; Sugiyama, Junta; Cole, Richard C.; Summerbell, Wendy; Untereiner, Peter R.; Johnston, Soili; Stenroos, Alga; Zuccaro, Paul S.; Dyer, Peter D.; Crittenden, Mariette S.; Hansen, Karen; Trappe, James M.; Yahr, Rebecca; Lutzoni, François; Spatafora, Joseph W. (April 2009). "The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum–wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits". Systematic Biology. 58 (2): 224−39. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syp020 . PMID   20525580.
  10. ↑ P. F. Cannon and P. M. Kirk (Editors) Fungal Families of the World (2007) , p. 441, at Google Books
  11. 1 2 de Gruyter, J.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Aveskamp, M.M.; Verkley, G.J.M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (June 2013). "Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales". Studies in Mycology. 75 (1): 1–36. doi:10.3114/sim0004. PMC   3713885 . PMID   24014897.
  12. ↑ Verkley, G.J.M.; da Silva, M.; Wicklow, D.T.; Crous, P.W. (2004). "Paraconiothyrium, a new genus to accommodate the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans, anamorphs of Paraphaeosphaeria, and four new species". Studies in Mycology. 50: 323–335.
  13. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  14. 1 2 Cortinas, M.N.; Burgess, T.; Dell, B.; Xu, D.P.; Crous, P.W.; Wingfield, B.D.; Wingfield, M.J. (2006). "First record of Colletogloeopsis zuluense comb. nov., causing a stem canker of Eucalyptus in China". Mycological Research. 110 (Pt 2): 229–236. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2005.08.012. hdl: 2263/2666 . PMID   16378717.
  15. ↑ Crous, P.W.; Schoch, C.L.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Wood, A.R.; Gueidan, C. (2009). "Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales". Studies in Mycology. 64: 17–47. doi:10.3114/sim.2009.64.02. PMC   2816965 . PMID   20169022.
  16. ↑ Quaedvlieg, W.; Binder, M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Summerell, B.A.; Carnegie, A.J.; Burgess, T.I.; Crous, P.W. (December 2014). "Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 33: 1–40. doi:10.3767/003158514X681981. PMC   4312929 . PMID   25737591.
  17. ↑ "Species Fungorum - Names Record". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  18. ↑ Crous, P.W.; et al. (December 2016). "Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 469–557". _Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 37: 218−403. doi:10.3767/003158516X694499. PMC   5315290 . PMID   28232766.
  19. ↑ Song, Nan; Geng, Yuehua; Li, Xinghao (2021). "The Mitochondrial Genome of Phytopathogenic Fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana and the Utility of Mitochondrial Genome to Infer Phylogeny of Dothideomycetes". In Kulik, Tomasz; Van Diepeningen, Anne D.; Hausner, Georg (eds.). The Significance of Mitogenomics in Mycology edited by. Frontiers Media SA. pp. 71–73. ISBN   9782889664795.
  20. 1 2 González-Menéndez, Victor; Crespo, Gloria; de Pedro, Nuria; Diaz, Caridad; Martín, Jesús; Serrano, Rachel; Mackenzie, Thomas A.; Justicia, Carlos; González-Tejero, M. Reyes; Casares, M.; Vicente, Francisca; Reyes, Fernando; Tormo, José R.; Genilloud, Olga (2018). "Fungal endophytes from arid areas of Andalusia: high potential sources for antifungal and antitumoral agents (Article number: 9729 )". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9729. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28192-5. PMC   6021435 . PMID   29950656.
  21. ↑ "Species Fungorum - GSD Species". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  22. 1 2 Wijesinghe, Subodini Nuwanthika; Calabon, Mark Seasat; Xiao, Yuanpin; Gareth Jones, E.B.; Hyde, Kevin David (2023). "A novel coniothyrium-like genus in Coniothyriaceae (Pleosporales) from salt marsh ecosystems in Thailand". Studies in Fungi. 8: 1–10. doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0006 . S2CID   256981127.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pem, D.; Hongsanan, S.; Doilom, M.; Tibpromma, S.; Wanasinghe, D.N.; Dong, W.; Liu, N.G.; Phookamsak, R.; Phillips, A.J.L.; Jeewon, R.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2019). "https://www. dothideomycetes. org: an online taxonomic resource for the classification, identification, and nomenclature of Dothideomycetes". Asian Journal of Mycology. 2: 287−97. doi: 10.5943/ajom/2/1/19 .
  24. ↑ "Coniothyriaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  25. 1 2 Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi; Artand, Saeid (December 2022). "First report of Coniothyrium ferrarisianum from Iran". Bot. J. Iran. doi:10.22092/BOT.J.IRAN.2022.360285.1326 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  26. ↑ Bestagno-Biga, M.L.; Ciferri, R.; Bestagno, G. (1958). "Ordinamento artificiale delle specie del genere Coniothyrium". Sydowia. 12: 258–320.
  27. ↑ Ibrahim, A.; Sørensen, D.; Jenkins, H.A.; Ejim, L.; Capretta, A.; Sumarah, M.W. (2017). "Epoxynemanione A, nemanifuranones AeF, and nemanilactones AeC, from Nemania serpens, an endophytic fungus isolated from Riesling grapevines". Phytochemistry. 140: 16–26. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.009. PMID   28441516.
  28. ↑ Bien, S.; Damm, U. (2020). "Prunus trees in Germany, a hideout of unknown fungi". Mycological Progress. 19 (7): 667–690. doi: 10.1007/s11557-020-01586-4 . S2CID   219589765.
  29. ↑ Spies, C.F.J.; Mostert, L.; Carlucci, A.; Moyo, P.; van Jaarsveld, W.J.; du Plessis, I.L.; van Dyk, M.; Halleen, F. (2020). "Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 45: 196–220. doi:10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.08. PMC   8375345 . PMID   34456377.
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