Cryptorhynchinae | |
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Cryptorhynchus lapathi | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Family: | Curculionidae |
Subfamily: | Cryptorhynchinae Schönherr, 1825 |
Cryptorhynchinae is a large subfamily of weevils (Curculionidae), with some 6000 species. They are found in most zoogeographic regions although they are most diverse in the Neotropics, Australia and Oceania.
They are distinguished by having their rostrum (snout) backwardly directed between their fore coxae in repose, and fitting within a protective channel that usually ends in a cup-like structure on the mesoventrite (ventral mid thoracic segment). [1] The ends of the tibiae also bear an uncus (small hook-like extensions), a character they share with many other groups of Curculionidae that use woody plants for oviposition. They are merged into the Molytinae in some treatments, [2] but a recent molecular study shows that Cryptorhynchinae sensu stricto are monophyletic and best kept as an independent subfamily. [3]
Some species of Cryptorhynchinae are considered agricultural pests, such as the mango seed weevil Sternochetus mangiferae , but the great majority of species live in primary forests, often on deadwood and are threatened by habitat loss. In Europe, the flightless genus Acalles is most diverse, and restricted to woodlands of long-lasting habitat continuity [4]
According to a biogeographical analysis [5] Cryptorhynchinae s.s. originated in the Late Cretaceous in South America. Within the ‘Acalles group’ and the ‘Cryptorhynchus group’, several independent dispersal events to the Western Palaearctic via the Nearctic occurred in the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. A southern route via Antarctica allowed the colonization of Australia in the Late Cretaceous, where a diverse Indo-Australian clade probably emerged about 73 million years ago.
Data sources: a=AFD, [6] i = ITIS, [7] c = Catalogue of Life, [8] g = GBIF, [9] b = Bugguide.net [10]
The Curculionidae are a family of weevils, commonly called snout beetles or true weevils. They are one of the largest animal families with 6,800 genera and 83,000 species described worldwide. They are the sister group to the family Brentidae.
Weevils are beetles belonging to the superfamily Curculionoidea, known for their elongated snouts. They are usually small – less than 6 mm in length – and herbivorous. Approximately 97,000 species of weevils are known. They belong to several families, with most of them in the family Curculionidae. It also includes bark beetles, which while morphologically dissimilar to other weevils in lacking the distinctive snout, is a subfamily of Curculionidae. Some other beetles, although not closely related, bear the name "weevil", such as the leaf beetle subfamily Bruchinae, known as "bean weevils", or the biscuit weevil, which belongs to the family Ptinidae.
The beetle subfamily Curculioninae is part of the weevil family Curculionidae. It contains over 23,500 described species in 2,200 genera, and is therefore the largest weevil subfamily. Given that the beetle order (Coleoptera) contains about one-quarter of all known organisms, the Curculioninae represent one of the – if not the – most successful radiations of terrestrial Metazoa.
Hadramphus tuberculatus is a rare weevil endemic to Canterbury in the South Island of New Zealand. It was thought to be extinct in 1922 but was rediscovered in 2004.
Hadramphus, commonly known as knobbled weevils, is a genus of flightless molytine weevils from the family Curculionidae. It is endemic to New Zealand and consists of four species.
Cossoninae is a true weevil subfamily in the family Curculionidae.
Rhamphini is a weevil tribe in the subfamily Curculioninae.
The Anypotactini are a Neotropical weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae. It includes 81 described species.
Eustylini is a primarily Neotropical weevil tribe in the subfamily Entiminae.
Ottistirini is a weevil tribe in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are about 18 genera and more than 110 described species in Ottistirini. Most are found on Pacific islands, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore.
Tanymecini is a tribe of broad-nosed weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae, subfamily Entiminae.
Didymus is a genus of beetles known as weevils. The genus contains the following species:
Anthribinae is a subfamily of fungus weevils in the family of beetles known as Anthribidae. There are over 50 genera and more than 80 described species in Anthribinae.
Mesoptiliinae is a subfamily of true weevils in the family Curculionidae. There are at about 23 genera and 40 described species in Mesoptiliinae.
Gasterocercini is a tribe of hidden snout weevils in the family of beetles known as Curculionidae. There are at least four genera and about eight described species in Gasterocercini.
Enteles vigorsii is a weevil in the Curculionidae family, which is found on the east coast of Australia.
Oxyderces is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae distributed in South America. It can be recognized by the presence of dense setae on the apex of the rostrum and postocular setae.
Amycterus is a genus of weevils belonging to the Amycterini tribe in the family Curculionidae, first described by Carl Johan Schönherr in 1823. The decisions for synonymy are based on work by Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. and Lyal, C.H.C. and Elwood Zimmerman.
Data related to Cryptorhynchinae at Wikispecies