Geography | |
---|---|
Location | Saskatchewan |
Coordinates | 53°55′00″N102°12′01″W / 53.9167°N 102.2004°W Coordinates: 53°55′00″N102°12′01″W / 53.9167°N 102.2004°W |
Highest elevation | 272 m (892 ft) |
Administration | |
Cumberland Island, [1] also known as Pine Island, [2] is a small island in the Saskatchewan River Delta in the east-central region of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The Saskatchewan River Delta is one of the largest active inland deltas in North America. Cumberland Island is situated between Cumberland Lake to the north and the Saskatchewan River to the south. The Tearing River runs along the eastern edge of the island and Bigstone River along the western edge. The Bigstone River separates Cumberland Island from Spruce Island to the west. [3] The island is in the Mid-Boreal Lowland region, which consists of mixed coniferous and deciduous forests of white and black spruce, jack pine, tamarack, trembling aspen, balsam poplar, and balsam fir. [4]
Cumberland Island's location was important to the fur trade as it sat on the canoe route that brought furs from the west to the Hudson Bay. In 1774, the Hudson's Bay Company had set up its first inland factory on the island.
Cumberland Island is in the Northern Saskatchewan Administration District and is home to the villages of Cumberland House (Saskatchewan's oldest continuously inhabited community) [5] and Pemmican Portage. [6] Adjacent to the communities are Cumberland House Provincial Park, which is the site of the former Hudson's Bay Company fort, [7] and Cumberland House Indian reserve. Métis and Swampy Cree make up most of the 1,500 residents on the island. [8] Access to the island is from Highway 123 and the Cumberland House Airport. [9] The airport is located west of Cumberland House and Highway 123 accesses the island from the south side across the Cumberland House Bridge, which was built in 1995.
Bigstone Cutoff Recreation Site ( 53°55′52″N102°20′37″W / 53.9311°N 102.3436°W ) [10] is a provincial recreation site located at the westernmost point of Cumberland Island, at the confluence of Bigstone River and the Bigstone Cutoff arm of the Saskatchewan River. [11] The park has a small, free campground and access to the river for boating and fishing. [12] [13]
The Cree are a North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations.
The Saskatchewan River is a major river in Canada. It stretches about 550 kilometres (340 mi) from where it is formed by the joining together of the North Saskatchewan and South Saskatchewan Rivers to Lake Winnipeg. It flows roughly eastward across Saskatchewan and Manitoba to empty into Lake Winnipeg. Through its tributaries the North Saskatchewan and South Saskatchewan, its watershed encompasses much of the prairie regions of Canada, stretching westward to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta and north-western Montana in the United States.
Cumberland House is a community in Census Division No. 18 in northeast Saskatchewan, Canada on the Saskatchewan River. It is the oldest community in Saskatchewan and has a population of about 2,000 people. Cumberland House Provincial Park, which provides tours of an 1890s powder house built by the Hudson's Bay Company, is located nearby.
Royal University Hospital, often abbreviated RUH, is one of four hospitals in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It is located on the University of Saskatchewan campus. RUH is a teaching hospital and closely tied to the College of Medicine within the university. It was opened on May 14, 1955 by Saskatchewan premier Tommy C. Douglas.
Beaver River is a large river in east-central Alberta and central Saskatchewan, Canada. It flows east through Alberta and Saskatchewan and then turns sharply north to flow into Lac Île-à-la-Crosse on the Churchill River which flows into Hudson Bay.
Wollaston Lake is a lake in north-eastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is 550 kilometres (340 mi) northeast of Prince Albert. With a surface area of 2,286 square kilometres (883 sq mi), it is the largest bifurcation lake in the world – that is, a lake that drains naturally in two directions.
Highway 123 is a highway in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It runs from Highway 55, 600 m (2,000 ft) east of its intersection with Highway 23, to Cumberland House. Highway 123 is about 137 km (85 mi) long.
Peter Pond Lake is a glacial lake in the north-western part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is located in the boreal Forest and Canadian Shield within the Churchill River drainage basin.
Amisk Lake is a lake in the east-central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) south-west of Flin Flon, Manitoba. 'Amisk' means beaver in Cree. Saskatchewan Highway 167 provides road access. Denare Beach, the largest settlement, is located at the north-east corner of the lake.
Montreal River is a river in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It flows 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Montreal Lake to Lac la Ronge and is part of the Churchill River and Hudson Bay drainage basins. Along its course, Montreal River runs through boreal forests, muskeg, and glacier formed valleys. Within its watershed are the Waskesiu Uplands, much of Prince Albert National Park, and several notable lakes, such as Waskesiu, Kingsmere, Crean, Weyakwin, and Bittern.
This article covers the water based Canadian canoe routes used by early explorers of Canada with special emphasis on the fur trade.
Voyageurs were 18th and 19th century French Canadians who transported furs by canoe at the peak of the North American fur trade. The emblematic meaning of the term applies to places and times where that transportation was over long distances. The voyageurs were regarded as legendary. They were celebrated in folklore and music. For reasons of promised celebrity status and wealth, this position was coveted.
Saskatchewan River fur trade The Saskatchewan River was one of the two main axes of Canadian expansion west of Lake Winnipeg. The other and more important one was northwest to the Athabasca Country. For background see Canadian canoe routes (early). The main trade route followed the North Saskatchewan River and Saskatchewan River, which were just south of the forested beaver country. The South Saskatchewan River was a prairie river with few furs.
In fur trade days the term Athabasca Country was used for the fur-producing region around Lake Athabasca. The area was important for two reasons. The cold climate produced some of the densest and thickest beaver fur in North America. The number of furs produced was somewhat greater than its only rival, the Saskatchewan River fur trade. Secondly, the great distance from Montreal and Hudson Bay required the highly developed and efficient transportation system that characterized the Hudson's Bay Company in the nineteenth century.
Cumberland House Provincial Park is a located on Cumberland Island at Cumberland House in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The site is the location of the first inland Hudson's Bay Company post in Saskatchewan and the oldest village in the province. A powder magazine shed built in 1886 and artifacts from the HBC Northcote steamship are the remaining historic elements on the site.
Porcupine Hills Provincial Park is the newest provincial park in the Canadian Province of Saskatchewan. It was created in 2018 through the amalgamation of five pre-existing provincial recreation sites south-east of the town of Hudson Bay. The park is in the Porcupine Provincial Forest in the Porcupine Hills, which is a geographical feature in eastern Saskatchewan and western Manitoba. The hills are part of a range of hills called the Manitoba Escarpment.
Pasquia Hills are hills in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. They are located in the east central part of the province in the RM of Hudson Bay No. 394 near the Manitoba border. The hills are the northern most in a series of hills called the Manitoba Escarpment. The Manitoba Escarpment marks the western edge of the pre-historical glacial Lake Agassiz. The other four hills include Porcupine Hills, Duck Mountain, and Riding Mountain.
Hanson Lake is a lake in the east-central part of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada. The lake is irregularly shaped with many bays, islands, and channels as it was formed by glaciers during the last ice age. It is fed by multiple rivers and creeks from surrounding hills, smaller lakes, and muskeg. Hanson Lake's outflow is through a short river at the eastern end of the lake as it flows into the Sturgeon-Weir River, a tributary of the Saskatchewan River.
The Cub Hills are a hilly plateau located south-east of the geographical centre of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The hills are in the boreal forest ecozone of Canada and the landforms of the hills were shaped more than 10,000 years ago during last ice age. Throughout the Cub Hills, there are dozens of lakes and rivers and several parks. The Cubs Hills are 150 km (93 mi) north-east of Prince Albert and are in the Northern Saskatchewan Administration District and Census Division #18. Several highways criss-cross the plateau to provide access to the various parks and other amenities.
Woody River is a river in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The river's source is in the Porcupine Hills and Porcupine Provincial Forest of eastern Saskatchewan. From there it flows south through boreal forest and then east through Boreal Plains in the Parkland Region of Manitoba en route to Swan Lake. The river parallels the Swan River for much of its route as it travels through Swan River Valley between Duck Mountain and Porcupine Hills of the Manitoba Escarpment. Bowsman is the only notable community along the course of Woody River. Several highways cross it, including Saskatchewan's Highway 980, Manitoba's Roads 588, 587, 366, 268, and Manitoba's Highway 10.