Cycling at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Last updated

Cycling
at the XV Paralympic Games
Cycling (Road), Rio 2016 (Paralympics).png Cycling (Sprint), Rio 2016 (Paralympics).png
Pictograms for road (left) and track (right) cycling
Venue Rio Olympic Velodrome
Copacabana Cluster
Dates8–11 September 2016 (Track)
14-17 September 2016 (Road)
Competitors230
2012
2020

Cycling at the 2016 Summer Paralympics consisted of 50 events in two main disciplines, track cycling and road cycling. The venues were the Rio Olympic Velodrome for track cycling in the Barra Cluster, and the Flamengo Park for the road cycling disciplines in the Copacapana Cluster. [1] Seventeen events were contested on the track, and 33 on the road. [2]

Contents

Classification

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. This method is known as a functional system and was introduced in 2012. Athletes are classified according to their functional ability across four broad categories (blind or partially sighted tandem, handcycle, tricycle and standard bicycle). [3] The class number indicates the severity of impairment with "1" being most impaired. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.

Riders with recovering or deteriorating conditions such as MS are eligible but must have been reclassified within six months of a World Championships or Paralympic Games to ensure their classification is correct. Specialised equipment including prostheses is only allowed where it has been specifically approved.

B – tandem bicycle

This class is for athletes who have visual impairments and therefore ride tandem bicycles with a guide (known as a pilot). They may have any level of visual impairment from no light perception in either eye through to a visual acuity of 6/60 and/or a visual field of less than 20 degrees. [4]

H (1-5) – handcycle

This class is for athletes who are lower limb amputees, have paraplegia or tetraplegia and ride a handcycle using arms to turn pedals for propulsion. H1–4 cyclists compete in a lying position, whereas H5 cyclists compete in a kneeling position. [3]

T (1-2) – tricycle

This class is for athletes who have a neurological condition or an impairment which has a comparable effect on their cycling so that they are not able to compete on a standard bicycle for reasons of balance. [3]

C (1-5) – standard bicycle

This class is for athletes with moderate locomotion impairment who do not require a tricycle. In many cases a modification will be allowed to accommodate a leg or arm prosthesis. [3]

Factored events

Some cycling events, 16 in total across track and road, are factored. This can happen when cyclists from different classes compete against each other and means that the results take into account the severity of the impairments of each competitor. As a result, some riders within an event will have their times ‘factored’ while other riders will not, or will have their time factored in a different calculation. The gold medal goes to the athlete with the fastest time after all the required times have been calculated. It is therefore possible for an athlete to break a paralympic or world record in their event for their specific classification, but to finish behind a differently classified athlete in that event after factoring. In such a case, the record is still treated as an official World, or as the case may be, Paralympic Games record within their classification for that event.

Factoring should not be confused with certain events where athletes with a greater impairment are entitled to compete in a race for athletes with a 'lesser' impairment, for example double amputees (such as Oscar Pistorius) in a single leg amputee athletics race alongside runners such as Jonnie Peacock or Richard Browne. In such races, no factoring is taken into account. In cycling, a number of the road races are cross-classification and non-factored despite factoring taking place in the time trial for the same classifications.

Events

Events in each classification, including factored events in joined classifications are set out below.


Classification →

Event
BCTH
C1C2C3C4C5T1T2H1H2H3H4H5
Road cycling
Men's road race
Women's road race
Men's time trial
Women's time trial
Mixed relay
Track cycling
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's individual pursuit
Women's 500m time trial
Women's 1000m time trial
Women's individual pursuit
Mixed team sprint

Participating nations

235 cyclists from 45 nations competed.

Medal summary

As at the Olympic Games, Great Britain had a clear lead in the medal table based on dominance within the velodrome, particularly in the female events where Kadeena Cox became the first British paralympian in 32 years to win golds in two different sports at the same Games, and Sarah Storey confirmed herself as the most successful female paralympian from Great Britain, overtaking the record set by fellow peer Tanni Grey-Thompson.

On the road, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy were dominant, with racing driver turned handcyclist Alex Zanardi winning two gold medals and a silver to add to an identical haul from London in 2012. The United States, Australia and China also won more than ten medals each across the 50 events.

Medal table

after 50 of 50 events
Key

  *   Host nation (Brazil)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain  (GBR)123621
2Flag of Germany.svg  Germany  (GER)83415
3Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands  (NED)55616
4Flag of Italy.svg  Italy  (ITA)52512
5Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)49518
6Flag of Australia.svg  Australia  (AUS)37313
7Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China  (CHN)33410
8Flag of Poland.svg  Poland  (POL)2305
9Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland  (IRL)2215
10Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia  (SVK)2114
11Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine  (UKR)2002
12Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)1359
13Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa  (RSA)1001
14Flag of Austria.svg  Austria  (AUT)0202
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan  (JPN)0202
16Flag of Spain.svg  Spain  (ESP)0123
17Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium  (BEL)0112
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)*0112
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand  (NZL)0112
20Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea  (KOR)0101
21Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia  (COL)0033
22Flag of France.svg  France  (FRA)0011
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland  (SUI)0011
Totals (23 entries)505050150

Road cycling

Men's events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
Time trial
details
B Steve Bate
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Vincent Ter Schure
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Kieran Modra
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
H2 Luca Mazzone
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Will Groulx
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Brian Sheridan
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
H3 Vittorio Podestà
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Walter Ablinger
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Charles Moreau
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
H4 Rafał Wilk
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Thomas Fruhwirth
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Vico Merklein
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
H5 Alessandro Zanardi
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Stuart Tripp
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Oscar Sanchez
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
C1 Michael Teuber
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Ross Wilson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Giancarlo Masini
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
C2 Tristen Chernove
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Colin Lynch
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Liang Guihua
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
C3 Eoghan Clifford
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Masaki Fujita
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Michael Sametz
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
C4 Jozef Metelka
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
Kyle Bridgwood
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Patrik Kuril
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
C5 Yegor Dementyev
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Alistair Donohoe
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Lauro César Chaman
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
T1–2 Hans-Peter Durst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Ryan Boyle
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
David Stone
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Road race
details
B Vincent Ter Schure
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Ignacio Ávila
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Steve Bate
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
H2 Will Groulx
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Luca Mazzone
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Tobias Fankhauser
Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland
H3 Paolo Cecchetto
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Maximilian Weber
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Charles Moreau
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
H4 Vico Merklein
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Rafał Wilk
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Joël Jeannot
Flag of France.svg  France
H5 Ernst van Dyk
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa
Alessandro Zanardi
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Jetze Plat
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C1-3 Steffen Warias
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Kris Bosmans
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Fabio Anobile
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
C4-5 Daniel Abraham Gebru
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Lauro César Chaman
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Andrea Tarlao
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
T1–2 Hans-Peter Durst
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
David Stone
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Néstor Ayala Ayala
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia

Women's events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
Time trial
details
B Katie George Dunlevy
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Yurie Kanuma
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Lora Turnham
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
H1–3 Karen Darke
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Alicia Dana
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Francesca Porcellato
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
H4–5 Dorothee Vieth
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Andrea Eskau
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Laura de Vaan
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C1–3 Alyda Norbruis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Denise Schindler
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Zeng Sini
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
C4 Shawn Morelli
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Megan Fisher
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Susan Powell
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
C5 Sarah Storey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Anna Harkowska
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Samantha Bosco
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
T1–2 Carol Cooke
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Jill Walsh
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Shelley Gautier
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Road race
details
B Iwona Podkościelna
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Katie George Dunlevy
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
Emma Foy
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
H1-4 Christiane Reppe
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Lee Do-yeon
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Francesca Porcellato
Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
H5 Andrea Eskau
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Laura de Vaan
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Jennette Jansen
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C1-3 Jamie Whitmore
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Zeng Sini
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Denise Schindler
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
C4-5 Sarah Storey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Anna Harkowska
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Crystal Lane
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
T1–2 Carol Cooke
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Jill Walsh
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Jana Majunke
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany

Mixed events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
Team Relay
details
H2-5 relay Flag of Italy.svg  Italy
Vittorio Podesta
Luca Mazzone
Alessandro Zanardi
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
William Lachenauer
Will Groulx
Oscar Sanchez
Flag of Belgium (civil).svg  Belgium
Jean-François Deberg
Christophe Hindricq
Jonas Van De Steene

Track cycling

Men's events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
1 km time trial
details
B Tristan Bangma
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Neil Fachie
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Kai-Christian Kruse
Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
C1–3 Li Zhangyu
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Arnoud Nijhuis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Tristen Chernove
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
C4–5 Jody Cundy
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jozef Metelka
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
Alfonso Cabello
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Individual pursuit
details
B Steve Bate
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Vincent ter Schure
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Stephen de Vries
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C1 Li Zhangyu
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Ross Wilson
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Arnoud Nijhuis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C2 Liang Guihua
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Tristen Chernove
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada
Louis Rolfe
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
C3 David Nicholas
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Joseph Berenyi
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Eoghan Clifford
Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland
C4 Jozef Metelka
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
Kyle Bridgwood
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Diego Dueñas
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
C5 Yegor Dementyev
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Alistair Donohoe
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Edwin Fabián Mátiz Ruiz
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia

Women's events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
Time trial
details
C1–3 (500 m) Alyda Norbruis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Amanda Reid
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Song Zhenling
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
C4–5 (500 m) Kadeena Cox
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Zhou Jufang
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Ruan Jianping
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
B (1 km) Sophie Thornhill
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Larissa Klaassen
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
Jessica Gallagher
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Individual pursuit
details
B Lora Turnham
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Emma Foy
Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand
Sophie Thornhill
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
C1–3 Megan Giglia
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Jamie Whitmore
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Alyda Norbruis
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands
C4 Shawn Morelli
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
Susan Powell
Flag of Australia.svg  Australia
Megan Fisher
Flag of the United States.svg  United States
C5 Sarah Storey
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Crystal Lane
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Samantha Bosco
Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Mixed events

EventClassGoldSilverBronze
Team Sprint
details
C1–5Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  Great Britain
Louis Rolfe
Jon-Allan Butterworth
Jody Cundy
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China
Xie Hao
Wei Guoping
Liu Xinyang
Flag of Spain.svg  Spain
Amador Granados
Eduardo Santas
Alfonso Cabello

See also

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. Rio2016 confirm Paralympic road race routes.
  2. "Paralympic Cycling Road". Rio2016.com. Rio 2016 Organising Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Paralympic Cycling Road and Track – overview, rules and classification". paralympics.org.uk. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
  4. "Paralympics GB – Classification of cycling events". paralympics.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.