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| Fossil of Cydrocrinus from Carboniferous of United States | |
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| Genus: | Cydrocrinus Kirk, 1940 [1] |
| Cydrocrinus Temporal range: | |
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| Fossil of Cydrocrinus from Carboniferous of United States | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| Genus: | Cydrocrinus Kirk, 1940 [1] |
This genus is known in the fossil record of the Carboniferous period of United States (age range: 345.3 to 342.8 million years ago). [2]
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period 358.9 Ma to the beginning of the Permian Period, 298.9 Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian.
Xenacanthida is an order or superorder of extinct shark-like chondrichthyans known from the Carboniferous to Triassic. They were native to freshwater, marginal marine and shallow marine habitats. Some xenacanths may have grown to lengths of 5 m (16 ft). Most xenacanths died out at the end of the Permian in the End-Permian Mass Extinction, with only a few forms surviving into the Triassic.
Capetus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. It reached a length of 150 cm.
Helenodora is an extinct basal onychophoran or lobopodian genus known from the Carboniferous Carbondale Formation of Illinois. The only known species described is H. inopinata. The ecology of this animal is not well known, but it is thought that it may have lived on land and/or underwater.
Eoherpeton is the only genus of the family Eoherpetontidae in the extinct suborder Embolomeri. It is known from the Visean and Namurian stages of the Carboniferous of Scotland.
Micromelerpetontidae is an extinct family of dissorophoid temnospondyls that lived from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian in what is now Europe, with one Carboniferous species also known from North Africa. They were biologically similar to the related branchiosaurids, but proportionally akin to the unrelated microsaurs.
Strepsodus is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fish that lived throughout the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found in eastern Canada, Britain, and Queensland, Australia; indeterminate species of Strepsodus have also been found in the late Devonian deposits of Turkey, Iran and Colombia. A large individual is measured up to 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) long.
Barameda is a genus of rhizodont lobe-finned fishes which lived during the Tournaisian stage near the start of the Carboniferous period in Australia; fossils of the genus have been reported from the Snowy Plains Formation. The largest member of this genus, Barameda decipiens, reached an estimated length of around 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft), while the smallest species, B. mitchelli is estimated to have had a length of about 35 centimetres (14 in).
Letognathus is a genus of rhizodont tetrapodomorph that lived during the Carboniferous period. Its remains come from the Blue Beach Member of the Horton Bluff Formation, near Hantsport, Nova Scotia. Like most rhizodonts, it was of relatively large size, had a large recurved fang at the symphysis of the lower jaw, and a row of three coronoid fangs along the length of the jaw in addition to its marginal dentition. Letognathus is important for rhizodont systematics because it retains a number of primitive features, such as ossified Meckel's cartilage, are not found in the genera Rhizodus and Strepsodus.
Ctenodus is an extinct genus of prehistoric lungfish and the longest-surviving genus of Carboniferous lungfish.
Colosteus is an extinct genus of colosteid tetrapod from the Late Carboniferous of Ohio. Its remains have been found at the Linton site in Saline Township, Ohio, where it is one of the most common tetrapods, and at the Five Points site in Mahoning County, Ohio. It was an elongate, aquatic form with a flattened and pointed head, greatly reduced limbs, two premaxillary tusks, and heavy scalation. It would have reached about 1 m (3.2 ft) in length.
Limnerpeton is an extinct genus of dissorophoidean euskelian temnospondyl within the family Amphibamidae.
Mordex is an extinct genus of temnospondyls from Carboniferous of the Czech Republic.
Platyrhinops is an extinct genus amphibamid temnospondyl from the Late Carboniferous of Ohio and the Czech Republic. It is known from many partial skeletons from the Linton site in Saline Township, Ohio and at least 6 partial specimens from the Nýřany site from the Nýřany Member of the Kladno Formation in the Czech Republic.
Palatinerpeton is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian. Fossils have been found in the Lauterecken-Odernheim Formation of Germany.
Kashmirosaurus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian known from Permo-Carboniferous deposits in the region of Kashmir. It was originally named by English paleontologist Arthur Smith Woodward in 1905 as a species of Archegosaurus called Archegosaurus ornatus. More recently, the species has been recognized as being distinct from Archegosaurus, and it was placed in its own genus Kashmirosaurus in 1996. An additional species of Archegosaurus, A. kashmiriensis, was named in 1960 from the same deposits in Kashmir, and is now considered synonymous with Kashmirosaurus ornatus.
Occidens is an extinct genus of stem tetrapod from the Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) Altagoan Formation of Northern Ireland. It is known from a single type species, Occidens portlocki, named in 2004 on the basis of a left lower jaw described by British geologist Joseph Ellison Portlock in 1843.
Diplognathodus is an extinct genus of conodonts in the family Anchignathodontidae. Specimens are found in Carboniferous and Permian formations.
Mattauschia is an extinct genus of trematopid temnospondyls from the Late Carboniferous of the Czech Republic.
Papposaurus is an extinct genus of proterogyrinid embolomere which lived in the Mississippian of Scotland. It is known from a single species, Papposaurus traquiairi, which is based on an isolated femur discovered in ironstone near Loanhead. Though originally compared closely to reptiles, subsequent study has revealed closer similarity to basal embolomeres such as Proterogyrinus and Archeria. With such limited remains, Papposaurus may not be a valid genus. The femur was redescribed in 1986 by T. R. Smithson, who considered Papposaurus traquairi a nomen vanum possibly synonymous with Proterogyrinus scheelei.
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