Cypraeoidea

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Cypraeoidea
Cypraea chinensis with fully extended mantle.jpg
A live cowry Cypraea chinensis , with its mantle fully extended, head end to the left
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Cypraeoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
Families

See text

Synonyms [1]

Velutinoidea

Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily had been called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815. [1]

Contents

Shell description

This superfamily of sea snails have adult shells which do not look like typical gastropod shells because the spire of the shell is not visible in adults, instead the shells are: often quite rounded in shape, varying from globular to elongate, and with a long, very narrow, aperture which is sometimes toothed. The snails in these families have no operculum.

The shells of almost every species in this superfamily are very smooth and shiny, and this is because in the living animal, the shell is nearly always fully covered with the mantle.

The largest known fossil cowry was Gisortia gigantieaMunster, 1828 which reached a length of 350mm. The largest modern cowry is the Atlantic Deer Cowry ( Macrocypraea cervus ) at up to 190mm. The largest known cowry from any extant subfamily or genus was the Australian cowry Zoila (Gigantocypraea) gigas(McCoy, 1867) at about 247mm. [2]

Nomenclature

This superfamily used to be known as Cypraeacea. Prior to the recent ruling by the ICZN, many invertebrate superfamily names ended in the suffix -acea, or -aceae, not -oidea as now required according to ICZN article 29.2. The suffix -oidea used to be used for some subclasses and superorders, where it is still found. In much of the older literature including Keen 1958, gastropod superfamilies are written with the suffix -acea. [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

2005 taxonomy

The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):

2007 taxonomy

Fehse (2007) [6] elevated the subfamily Pediculariinae to the family Pediculariidae, and the tribe Eocypraeini to the family Eocypraeidae. Both of these groups were removed from the Ovulidae and raised to family level, based on research on their morphological and molecular phylogenic qualities. [6] Families within Cypraeoidea are as follows:

Synonyms

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rissooidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Gray, 1847, is a taxonomic superfamily of small and minute marine snails, belonging to the clade Littorinimorpha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Littorinimorpha</span> Order of gastropods

Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails, but also including some freshwater snails and land snails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cypraeidae</span> Family of gastropods

Cypraeidae, commonly named the cowries, is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stromboidea</span> Superfamily of gastropods

The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovulidae</span> Family of gastropods

Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the cowry allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pediculariinae</span> Subfamily of gastropods

Pediculariinae is a subfamily of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Ovulidae and the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the cowry allies. As of 2009, it comprises 48 described species of which 20 are regarded as valid by most scientists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eocypraeidae</span> Family of gastropods

Eocypraeidae is a small family of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.

<i>Crenavolva janae</i> Species of gastropod

Crenavolva janae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Crenavolva philippei</i> Species of gastropod

Crenavolva philippei is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Crenavolva traillii</i> Species of gastropod

Crenavolva traillii, common name Traill's ovulid, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

Naviculavolva massierorum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Pellasimnia annabelae</i> Species of gastropod

Pellasimnia annabelae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Phenacovolva barbieri</i> Species of gastropod

Phenacovolva barbieri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Serratovolva luteocincta</i> Species of gastropod

Serratovolva luteocincta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.

<i>Lunovula finleyi</i> Species of gastropod

Lunovula finleyi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, one of the families of cowry allies.

<i>Lunovula superstes</i> Species of gastropod

Lunovula superstes is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, one of the families of cowry allies.

<i>Pedicularia splendida</i> Species of gastropod

Pedicularia splendida is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae, one of the families of cowry allies.

<i>Jenneria</i> Genus of gastropods

Jenneria is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae, one of the families of cowry allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ovulinae</span> Subfamily of gastropods

The subfamily Ovulinae, common name the ovulines, is a highly specialized, extant group of sea snails in the family Ovulidae. These are predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Cypraeoidea. Species in this subfamily are sometimes referred to as cowries, although this name is commonly used for any member of the superfamily Cypraeoidea.

<i>Sphaerocypraea</i> Genus of gastropods

Sphaerocypraea is a small family of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Eocypraeidae, belonging to the cowries and cowry allies.

References

  1. 1 2 MolluscaBase (2018). Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14774 on 2018-07-18
  2. "Thomas A. Darragh, A revision of the Australian fossil species of Zoila (Gastropoda, Cypraeidae); Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68: 1-28 (2011)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  3. Keen A. M. (1958). Sea Shells of Tropical West America. Stanford University Press.
  4. Moore, Lalicker & Fischer (1952). Invertebrate Fossils. McGraw-Hill Book.
  5. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology; part K (Nautiloidea) 1964 and part L (Ammonoidea) 1962; Geological Society of America and Univ. of Kansas Press.
  6. 1 2 Fehse D. (2007). "Contributions to the knowledge of the Ovulidae. XVI. The higher systematics". Spixiana 30(1): 121-125. PDF Archived 2012-03-02 at the Wayback Machine .