Cyttaria

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Cyttaria
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Cyttaria from Chile growing in a tree branch
Scientific classification
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Cyttaria

Berk. (1842)
Type species
Cyttaria darwinii
Berk. (1842)
Species

C. berteroi
C. darwinii
C. espinosae
C. gunnii
C. hariotii
C. nigra

Cyttaria sp. - MHNT Cyttaria sp. MHNT.BOT.2015.2.53.jpg
Cyttaria sp. - MHNT

Cyttaria is a genus of ascomycete fungi. About 10 species belong to Cyttaria, found in South America, Australia and New Zealand, associated with or growing on southern beech trees from the genus Nothofagus . [1] The "llao llao" fungus Cyttaria hariotii , one of the most common fungi in Andean-Patagonian forests, [2] has been shown to harbor the yeast Saccharomyces eubayanus , which may be source of the lager yeast S. pastorianus cold-tolerance. [3] Cyttaria was originally described by mycologist Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1842. [4]

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<i>Cryptococcus</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Malassezia</i> Genus of fungi

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<i>Polyozellus</i> Genus of fungus

Polyozellus is a fungal genus in the family Thelephoraceae, a grouping of mushrooms known collectively as the leathery earthfans. Previously considered a monotypic genus, it now contains the Polyozellus multiplex species complex. The genus name is derived from the Greek poly meaning many, and oz, meaning branch. It is commonly known as the blue chanterelle, the clustered blue chanterelle, or, in Alaska, the black chanterelle. The distinctive fruit body of this species comprises blue- to purple-colored clusters of vase- or spoon-shaped caps with veiny wrinkles on the undersurface that run down the length of the stem.

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Suillus brevipes is a species of fungus in the family Suillaceae. First described by American mycologists in the late 19th century, it is commonly known as the stubby-stalk or the short-stemmed slippery Jack. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) produced by the fungus are characterized by a chocolate to reddish-brown cap covered with a sticky layer of slime, and a short whitish stipe that has neither a partial veil nor prominent, colored glandular dots. The cap can reach a diameter of about 10 cm, while the stipe is up to 6 cm long and 2 cm thick. Like other bolete mushrooms, S. brevipes produces spores in a vertically arranged layer of spongy tubes with openings that form a layer of small yellowish pores on the underside of the cap.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nahuel Huapi National Park</span> National park in Argentina

Nahuel Huapi National Park is the oldest national park in Argentina, established in 1922 as Parque Nacional de Sud and reconfiguered in 1934. It surrounds Nahuel Huapi Lake in the foothills of the Patagonian Andes. The largest of the national parks in the region, it has an area of 7,050 km2 (2,720 sq mi), or nearly 2 million acres. Its landscapes represent the north Patagonian Andean Zone consisting of three types, namely, the Altoandino, the Andino-Patagónico and the Patagonian steppe. It also represents small parts of the Valdivian Rainforest.

Saccharomyces eubayanus, a cryotolerant type of yeast, is most likely the parent of the lager brewing yeast, Saccharomyces pastorianus.

Leucosporidium is a genus of fungi in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. The genus comprises fungi that are mostly known from their yeast states, though some produce hyphal states in culture that give rise to teliospores from which auricularioid basidia emerge. Species known only from their anamorphic yeast states were formerly referred to the genus Leucosporidiella, but, following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus was discontinued, meaning that Leucosporidiella became a synonym of the earlier name Leucosporidium. Species have been isolated predominantly from cold environments and are regarded as psychrotolerant.

<i>Cyttaria gunnii</i> Species of fungus

Cyttaria gunnii, commonly known as the myrtle orange or beech orange, is an orange-white coloured and edible ascomycete fungus native to Australia. It is a specific parasite of myrtle beech trees.

<i>Epicoccum nigrum</i> Species of fungus

Epicoccum nigrum is a species of fungus in the phylum Ascomycota. A plant pathogen and endophyte, it is a widespread fungus which produces coloured pigments that can be used as antifungal agents against other pathogenic fungi. The fluorescent stain epicocconone is extracted from it.

<i>Rhizopus stolonifer</i> Species of fungus

Rhizopus stolonifer is commonly known as black bread mold. It is a member of Zygomycota and considered the most important species in the genus Rhizopus. It is one of the most common fungi in the world and has a global distribution although it is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a common agent of decomposition of stored foods. Like other members of the genus Rhizopus, R. stolonifer grows rapidly, mostly in indoor environments.

Hanseniaspora gamundiae is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycodaceae. It has been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cyttaria hariotii mushrooms in Patagonia and is likely responsible for the early stages of fermentation of an alcoholic chicha produced from the mushrooms.

References

  1. Kirk MP, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 192. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. Gamundi IJ, Horak E (1995). Fungi of the Andean-Patagonian Forests. Buenos Aires: Vazquez Mazzini Editores. ISBN   9509906379.
  3. Libkind D, Hittinger CT, Valério E, Gonçalves C, Dover J, Johnston M, Gonçalves P, Sampaio JP (2011). "Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (35): 14539–44. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1105430108 . PMC   3167505 . PMID   21873232.
  4. Berkeley MJ. (1842). "On an edible fungus from Tierra del Fuego, and an allied Chilian species". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 19: 37–43. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1842.tb00073.x.