Daruma stinger

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Daruma stinger
ErosaDarumaHolotype.jpg
Holotype of Dampierosa daruma
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Scorpaenidae
Subfamily: Synanceiinae
Tribe: Synanceiini
Genus: Dampierosa
Whitley, 1932
Species:
D. daruma
Binomial name
Dampierosa daruma
Whitley, 1932
Synonyms [1]
  • Erosa daruma(Whitley, 1932)

The daruma stinger (Dampierosa daruma), also known as the North-western stonefish, is a species of venomous ray-finned fish, a stonefish belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Dampierosa and is endemic to Australia.

Contents

Taxonomy

The daruma stinger was first formally described in 1932 by the Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley with the type locality given as off Broome in Western Australia. [2] Whitley described it as the only species in the monotypic genus Dampierosa [3] but it has also been considered to be a member of the genus Erosa together with the pitted stonefish (E. erosa). [4] The genus Dampierosa is classified within the tribe Synanceiini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Synanceeinae within the family Scorpaenidae. [5] However, other authorities regard Synanceiidae as a valid family and the Synanceiini as the subfamily Synanceiinae. [3] The genus name is presumed to be a combination of Dampier, the Dampier Peninsula which lies north of Broome and Erosa, the genus it is closely related to. The specific name daruma was not explains but it is likely to be Japanese and to be an allusion to the bulbous head of this species, daruma being applied to squat Buddha figures and to some large-headed fishes. [6]

Description

The daruma stinger has a large smoothly rounded head, with no hump over the eyes and no occipital pit. The pectoral and caudal fins are banded with dark bases, wide white bands in the middle, a dark sub-marginal band and a pale margin. This species has a maximum total length of 13 cm (5.1 in). They have venomous spines in the fins. [4]

Distribution and habitat

The daruma stinger is found off northwestern Australia, it is a benthic species found on inshore reefs in shallow waters down to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) depth. [4] [1]

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Synanceiinae is a subfamily of venomous ray-finned fishes, waspfishes, which is classified as part of the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives. These fishes are found in the Indo-Pacific oceans. They are primarily marine, though some species are known to live in fresh or brackish waters. The various species of this family are known informally as stonefish, stinger, stingfish and ghouls. Its species are known to have the most potent neurotoxins of all the fish venoms, secreted from glands at the base of their needle-like dorsal fin spines. The vernacular name, stonefish, for some of these fishes derives from their behaviour of camouflaging as rocks. The type species of the family is the estuarine stonefish.

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<i>Synanceia</i> Genus of venomous fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pitted stonefish</span> Species of fishes

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<i>Minous</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackfin stonefish</span> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stargazing stonefish</span> Genus of fishes

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<i>Ablabys</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marbled stingfish</span> Genus of fishes

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<i>Glyptauchen</i> Species of waspfish endemic to the reefs off the southern coast of Australia

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<i>Ocosia</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Paracentropogon</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Pseudovespicula</i> Genus of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Choridactylini</span> Tribe of fishes

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References

  1. 1 2 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Dampierosa in FishBase. February 2022 version.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Dampierosa". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  3. 1 2 Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Synanceiinae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 Dianne J. Bray. "Erosa daruma". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  5. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 468–475. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6.
  6. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataceidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 8 April 2022.