The term carp is a generic common name for numerous species of freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large clade of ray-finned fish mostly native to Eurasia. While carp are prized quarries and are valued as both food and ornamental fish in many parts of the Old World, they are generally considered useless trash fish and invasive pests in many parts of Africa, Australia and most of the United States.
The Western Ghats, also known as the Sahyadri mountain range, is a mountain range that covers an area of 160,000 km2 (62,000 sq mi) in a stretch of 1,600 km (990 mi) parallel to the western coast of the Indian peninsula, traversing the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the 36 biodiversity hotspots in the world. It is sometimes called the Great Escarpment of India. It contains a very large proportion of the country's flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to this region. The Western Ghats are older than the Himalayas. They influence Indian monsoon weather patterns by intercepting the rain-laden monsoon winds that sweep in from the south-west during late summer. The range runs north to south along the western edge of the Deccan Plateau and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain called the Western Coastal Plains along the Arabian Sea. A total of 39 areas in the Western Ghats, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and reserve forests, were designated as world heritage sites in 2012 – twenty of them in Kerala, ten in Karnataka, six in Tamil Nadu and four in Maharashtra.
The Deccan thorn scrub forests are a xeric shrubland ecoregion of south India and northern Sri Lanka. Historically this area was covered by tropical dry deciduous forest, but this only remains in isolated fragments. The vegetation now consists of mainly of southern tropical thorn scrub type forests. These consist of open woodland with thorny trees with short trunks and low, branching crowns; spiny and xerophytic shrubs; and dry grassland. This is the habitat of the great Indian bustard and blackbuck, though these and other animals are declining in numbers; this area was at one time home to large numbers of elephants and tigers. Almost 350 species of bird have been recorded here. The remaining natural habitat is threatened by overgrazing and invasive weeds, but there are a number of small protected areas which provide a haven for the wildlife. Trees in these forests have adapted to not require much water.
The Adan River is a river in Washim District, Maharashtra, India and a principal tributary of the Painganga River.
Deccan refers to the Deccan Plateau, a peninsular plateau in southern India, and southern India in general.
National Highway 65, , is a National Highway in India. It runs along the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It starts at Pune and ends at Machilipatnam. Major cities on this route are Pune, Solapur, Hyderabad, Suryapet, Vijayawada and Machilipatnam. The section between Hyderabad and Vijayawada, is known as Vijayawada–Hyderabad Expressway and is a major expressway.
The Siamese mud carp is a species of freshwater cyprinid fish, a variety of Asian carp native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya Rivers in Southeast Asia, especially in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. It is very common in floodplains during the wet season and migrates upstream in the Mekong starting in Cambodia.
Gymnostomus ariza, the Reba or ariza labeo, is a cyprinid fish found in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
Cirrhinus is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. Members of this genus are native to freshwater in South Asia, Indochina and southern China.
The mrigal carp, also known as the white carp, is a species of ray-finned fish in the carp family. Native to streams and rivers in India, the only surviving wild population is in the Cauvery River, leading to its IUCN rating as vulnerable. It is widely aquafarmed and introduced populations exist outside its native range. It reaches a maximum length of 1 m (3.3 ft). This species and Cirrhinus mrigala are considered distinct.
Henicorhynchus inornatus is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Henicorhynchus, although some authorities classify it as member of the genus Cirrhinus. It is only found in the Irrawaddy and Sittang basins in Myanmar.
The smallscale mud carp is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus.
Cirrhinus molitorella is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus found mainly in southern China and Vietnam.
Osteobrama vigorsii is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Osteobrama. It is known to occur in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Orissa in the drainage systems of the Krishna, Godavari and Mahanadi. It is found in fast flowing streams and rivers as well as reservoirs. It attains a total length of 30 cm and its prey is smaller fish and insects.
Cirrhinus mrigala is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. It is found in northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. This species and the Mrigal carp are both considered distinct.
Henicorhynchus is a genus of cyprinid fish that occurs in Southeast Asia. There are currently 5 species in this genus.
Vishwa Gopal Jhingran (1919–1991) was an Indian zoologist and aquaculture scientist, known for the introduction of a composite fish culture technique by name, aquaplosion. He was a recipient of the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri from the Government of India in 1977.
The Reba carp is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Cirrhinus. This freshwater edible fish is found in large streams, rivers, tanks, lakes, reservoirs. It is native to Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan.
Gymnostomus is a genus of cyprinid fish found in Southeast Asia.
Osteobrama peninsularis is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish from the carp and minnow family, the Cyprinidae. It occurs in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Kerala. It has been recorded from the drainages of the Krishna River and the Godavari River as well as the Periyar River. Formerly this taxon was confused with Osteobrama cunma and this means that its distribution is uncertain, although it is described as common in Pune and the surrounding areas and in Karnataka. Like O. cunma it was formerly treated as a subspecies of Osteobrama cotio.
