Democratic Party 民進党 Minshintō | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | DP |
Leader | Kohei Otsuka |
Founded | 27 March 2016 |
Dissolved | 7 May 2018 |
Merger of | |
Merged into | Democratic Party For the People [a] |
Headquarters | Nagatachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan |
Newspaper | Minshin Press |
Ideology | Liberalism (Japanese) [b] |
Political position | Centre to centre-left [b] |
Colors | Blue [1] [2] Red [2] |
Website | |
minshin.jp | |
^ a: The candidates of this party ran as independents in 2017 Lower house election and sat within Group of Independents [3] and merged with Kibō no Tō to form DPFP, a party born from splits in the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party. ^ b: But there were also some conservative [4] [5] [6] centre-right factions [7] within the party. |
The Democratic Party (民進党, Minshintō, DP), was a political party in Japan. It was the largest opposition political party in Japan from 2016 until its marginalization in the House of Representatives in 2017. [8] The party was founded on 27 March 2016 from the merger of the Democratic Party of Japan and the Japan Innovation Party. [9] The majority of the party split on 28 September 2017, before the 2017 general election. [10] Many of its members contesting the election as candidates for the Party of Hope, Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or as party members without nomination. [11] [12] [13] [14] On 7 May 2018 the DP merged with the Party of Hope to form the Democratic Party For the People. [15] [16]
The party's Japanese name Minshintō combines "min" from minshu ("democratic") and shin (進, "advance, progress"), not shin (新, "new") from ishin (innovation). [17] A literal translation of the name in English would be "Democratic Progressive Party", identical to the Taiwanese centre-left party which also shared the same Chinese characters. However, the party officially stated its English name as the Democratic Party. [18]
This section needs to be updated.(September 2017) |
On 24 February 2016 the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) and the Japan Innovation Party (JIP) announced that they were to merge at a special convention on 27 March to form a new opposition party in order to better compete with the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) in an Upper House election that was scheduled for later the same year. [19] [20] [21] [22] On 4 March 2016, the DPJ and JIP asked the public for suggestions for a name for the merged party. [23] On 14 March 2016, the name of the new party was announced as Minshintō (Democratic Progressive Party), the most popular shortlisted name among polled voters and preferred by the JIP, beating Rikken Minshutō (Constitutional Democratic Party) that was preferred by the DPJ. [17] On 18 March 2016, the official English language title of the new party was announced as the Democratic Party. [24] On 22 March, the DPJ announced that 4 sitting Representatives from Vision of Reform would join the party at its launch. [25]
The new party was founded on 27 March 2016 with the leadership consisting of Katsuya Okada as party president, Yukio Edano as secretary-general and Shiori Yamao as policy chief. [26] The party platform committed to protecting the existing pacifist Japanese constitution, and stating opposition to the "Abenomics" policies of Prime Minister Shinzō Abe. [27] [28] [29]
The election on 10 July 2016 was the first major election contested by the new party. Following the merger, the party entered the election with 62 seats in the 242-seat House, with 45 of those 62 seats being contested. During the nomination period, the party signed an agreement with the Japanese Communist Party (JCP), Social Democratic Party and People's Life Party to field a jointly-endorsed candidate in each of the 32 districts in which only one seat is contested, uniting in an attempt to take control of the House from the ruling LDP–Komeito coalition. [30] Despite the agreement, Democratic Party leader Okada stated that forming a coalition government with the JCP would be "impossible" in the near future due to some of the "extreme leftist policies" promoted by the JCP. [31]
The party had a total of 55 official candidates contesting the election, the same number as the DPJ in the 2013 election and the third-most behind the LDP and Communist Party. [32] 33 candidates contested the single- and multi-member districts and 22 were in the party's list for the 48-seat national proportional representation block. [32] A further 15 independent candidates contesting single-seat districts were endorsed by the party. The party suffered a considerable defeat at the hands of the ruling coalition, losing 13 seats overall. Five of the 15 endorsed independents were also elected, including two that claimed seats formerly held by retiring Democratic Party members. [33] Following the loss, Okada announced he would not seek re-election as leader at the party's annual meeting in September. [34]
The 2017 Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly election caused the party to lose 13 seats in the Assembly, which left them with only 5 seats. [35] This prompted both the secretary-general, Yoshihiko Noda, on 25 July 2017, [36] and the president of the party, Renhō, on 27 July 2017, to resign. [37] This is regarded as showing how public trust for the DP has declined. [35]
The election for a new leader to replace Renhō took place on 1 September, and campaigning began on 21 August. The two candidates were Seiji Maehara, who announced his intention to run on 2 August, [38] and Yukio Edano, who declared his candidacy on 1 August. [39] The election was won by Maehara. [40] [41]
On 28 September 2017, Maehara announced that the party had abandoned plans to contest the 2017 general election scheduled for 22 October. [42] [43] The DP caucus in the House of Representatives disbanded, with the party's existing representatives set to contest the election as candidates for the Party of Hope recently formed by Tokyo governor Yuriko Koike or as independents. [44] On 2 October 2017, DP deputy president Yukio Edano announced the formation of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) for liberals and left-leaning members of the DP whom Koike had rejected for running as Party of Hope candidates. [45] [46] On 23 October 2017, in the aftermath of the election, Maehara announced his resignation as party president, with the CDP having replaced the DP as the largest opposition party in the lower house, while the DP continues to exist in the House of Councillors. [47] [48] On 31 October 2017, member of the House of Councillors Kohei Otsuka was chosen as the leader of the Democratic Party to succeed Maehara. [49]
In January 2018, the DP and the Party of Hope agreed to form a joint parliamentary group in both houses of the Diet, with each party remaining organisationally separate, but being subject to a common whip. [50] However, several days later, the negotiations broke down. [51] On 9 April 2018, it was announced that exploratory talks to merge the DP and Party of Hope into a new opposition party were being held. [52]
On 24 April 2018, the leadership of the DP and the Party of Hope announced in a joint press conference that both parties had agreed to merge in May 2018 under the name National Democratic Party. Several factions in both parties did not plan to join the new party. The members of these factions are expected to form their own splinter parties or remain as independents. [53] The DP and Party of Hope merged to form the Democratic Party For the People on 7 May 2018. [54] [55]
Democratic Party are generally classified as centre [56] to centre-left. [3] [57] However, unlike the "social-liberal" Democratic Party in 1998, it is generally regarded as a simple "liberal" party because it was founded by absorbing centre-right conservative parties. [3] [58]
The policies of the DP differed little from the policies of its predecessor, the DPJ, with policies such as increasing diversity, contributing to world peace, preserving democracy, and promoting prosperity. [26] They are considered to be open-minded in terms of North Korea, with one member of the party saying that doing nothing would not be responsible. [59] [60] The DP, like its Democratic Party predecessor, is opposed to nuclear power. [61] The DP wants to raise the minimum wage of Japan. [26]
No. | Name (Birth–death) | Image | Constituency / title | Term of office | Election results | Prime Minister (term) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | |||||||
Preceding parties: Democratic Party (1998) & Innovation Party (centre) | ||||||||
1 | Katsuya Okada (b. 1953) | Rep for Mie 3rd | 27 March 2016 | 15 September 2016 | see former DPJ 2015 election | Abe S. 2012–20 | ||
2 | Renhō (b. 1967) | Cou for Tokyo | 15 September 2016 | 1 September 2017 | see 2016 election | |||
3 | Seiji Maehara (b. 1962) | Rep for Kyoto 2nd | 1 September 2017 | 30 October 2017 [62] | see Sep 2017 election | |||
4 | Kohei Otsuka (b. 1959) | Cou for Aichi | 31 October 2017 [63] | 7 May 2018 | see Oct 2017 election | |||
Successor parties: Constitutional Democratic Party (2017) (centre-left), Kibō no Tō (centre-right), & Democratic Party For the People (2018) (centre) |
The Democratic Party, like its predecessor Democratic Party of Japan, was composed of factions originating in the Liberal Democratic Party, Japan Socialist Party and the Democratic Socialist Party, augmented by the merger with the Japan Innovation Party. Significant factions existing within the party included:
Election | Leader | # of candidates | # of seats won | # of Constituency votes | % of Constituency vote | # of PR Block votes | % of PR Block vote | Government/opposition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Seiji Maehara (de jure) Katsuya Okada [lower-alpha 1] (de facto) | 30 [lower-alpha 1] | [lower-alpha 2] 14 / 465 | 2,646,765 [lower-alpha 1] | 4.78% [lower-alpha 1] | no nomination | no nomination | Opposition |
In the 2017 general election of members of the House of Representatives, the Democratic Party did not nominate any candidates. Several of its remaining members were elected without party nomination. Most of these joined the formation of the "Group of Independents" (Mushozoku no kai) House of Representatives caucus led by Katsuya Okada in October 2017. [64] Some others such as Seiji Maehara have left the party after the election. [65]
According to the party, its membership includes 14 members of the House of Representatives as of November, 2017: [66]
Election | Leader | # of seats total | # of seats won | # of National votes | % of National vote | # of National seats won | # of Prefectural votes | % of Prefectural vote | # of Prefectural seats won |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | Katsuya Okada | 49 / 242 | 32 / 121 | 11,751,015 [67] | 21.0% | 14,215,956 [69] | 25.1% |
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A marriage of convenience could splinter the DP, which despite its left-leaning platform comprises a hodgepodge of liberals and conservatives. Some DP members have said it might be better to disband the party, whose toxic reputation stems from its disunity and botched rule from 2009 to 2012.
The DP cannot make up its mind whether it is a second conservative party that offers moderate alternatives to LDP policies or a 'progressive' party that stands on the other side of an ideological divide.
The upcoming presidential race, however, could further deepen division among conservative and liberal lawmakers in the party.
The establishment of Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike's Party of Hope — which scalped candidates from the centre-right factions of the DP — failed to challenge the LDP.
... the disparate origins of these parties generated a persistent polarisation between the DPJ's conservative centre-right and progressive centre-left factions. Now these forces appear to have found their natural ideological homes.