Deretaphrus

Last updated

Deretaphrus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Infraorder: Cucujiformia
Family: Bothrideridae
Tribe: Deretaphrini
Genus: Deretaphrus
Newman, 1842
Type species
Deretaphrus fossus
Newman, 1842
Species

See text

Deretaphrus is a genus of dry bark beetles in the family Bothrideridae. [1] [2] [3] [4] A taxonomic revision of the genus published in 2013 listed 25 species, which exhibit a disjunct distribution. There are 22 species of the genus described from Australia, with single species also being found in each of New Caledonia, Bolivia, and North America. [5]

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus Deretaphrus was erected by Edward Newman in 1842, when he described four new species of beetle from specimens that had been collected in Port Phillip, Australia, which was then part of New South Wales. [6] Of these four species, the first listed, D. fossus, became the type of the genus. [7] The other species initially assigned to the genus, D. puteus, D. illusus and D. vittatus, were subsequently moved out of Deretaphrus, initially to the genus Bothrideres . [8]

Life cycle

Larva

The beetles in this genus have ectoparasitic larvae, the first instar being a mobile planidium, which is adapted to locate suitable hosts. Later instars have a more typical beetle-grub morphology and are typically found under tree bark, feeding on cerambycid and buprestid woodboring beetle grubs. The final larval instar spins a silken cocoon in which to pupate: an unusual character among beetles. Which part of the larva secretes the silk has not been determined, and it could come from the mouth or from anal glands. [9]

Adult

Adults are most often found under tree bark, or on its outer surface at night, but have also been collected at light traps. Examination of their gut contents suggests that their diet consists of plant material. [9]

Distribution

Species of the genus Deretaphrus are principally found in Australia.

In 1872 George Henry Horn described D. oregonensis from North America. Appended to his formal description is a note describing his initial disbelief that the first specimen of the species that he had been sent was actually, as claimed, from California.

A specimen was received several years since from California, but from a source whence Australian species had been sent, and little credit was therefore given to the authenticity of the locality, especially as all the known species were Australian. Lately, however, another has been attained free from any suspicion of error, and I have therefore ventured to name it.

By the time he made his description, Horn was aware that John Lawrence LeConte and Thomas de Grey, 6th Baron Walsingham were in possession of specimens of D. oregonensis that had undoubtedly been collected in America. [10] The species has since been found in a number of states to the west of the Rockies, and in British Columbia, [11] ranging from the Pacific Northwest to California. [4]

In 1903 Antoine Henri Grouvelle described D. interruptus from New Caledonia. [12]

A South American species was added to the genus in 2013 when Lord and McHugh described D. boliviensis, on the basis of a single specimen that had been collected in Bolivia. [13]

Lord and McHugh describe this disjunct distribution as "very odd", and suggest that D. boliviensis may have a wider distribution in South and Central America. [11]

Species list

The following were treated as species by Nathan P. Lord and Joseph V. McHugh in their 2013 revision of the genus:

Lord and McHugh list three morphotypes, all from Australia, that could not be determined according to the above list, but were not described as new species for lack of sufficient material.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acroceridae</span> Family of flies

The Acroceridae are a small family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequently applied common names are small-headed flies or hunch-back flies. Many are bee or wasp mimics. Because they are parasitoids of spiders, they also are sometimes known as spider flies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colydiinae</span> Subfamily of beetles

Colydiinae is a subfamily of beetles, commonly known as cylindrical bark beetles. They have been treated historically as a family Colydiidae, but have been moved into the Zopheridae, where they constitute the bulk of the diversity of the newly expanded family, with about 140 genera worldwide. They are diverse for example in the Australian region, from where about 35 genera are known; in Europe, though, only 20 genera are found and many of these only with few species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erotylidae</span> Family of beetles

Erotylidae, or the pleasing fungus beetles, is a family of beetles belonging to Cucujoidea containing over 100 genera. In the present circumscription, it contains 6 tribes and 10 subfamilies. In other words, the narrowly circumscribed Erotylidae correspond to the subfamily Erotylinae in the definition sensu lato. There are doubts on the monophyly of lower ranked taxa within Erotylidae, with further phylogenetic studies requiring better sampling and studies of unexplored character sets, for example the metendosternite and penile flagellum, which are generally lacking detailed morphological studies within the Coleoptera literature. The Eroytlina taxonomy is based on traits such as their different colors and not off morphological differences like mouthparts, thorax, and abdominal terminalia (Pecci-Maddalena).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Silvanidae</span> Family of beetles

Silvanidae, "silvan flat bark beetles", is a family of beetles in the superfamily Cucujoidea, consisting of 68 described genera and about 500 described species. The family is represented on all continents except Antarctica, and is most diverse at both the generic and species levels in the Old World tropics.

<i>Agonocheila</i> Genus of beetles

Agonocheila is a genus in the beetle family Carabidae. There are more than 20 described species in Agonocheila.

<i>Rhyzodiastes</i> Genus of beetles

Rhyzodiastes is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

<i>Omoglymmius</i>

Omoglymmius is a genus in the ground beetle subfamily Rhysodinae. There are more than 150 described species in Omoglymmius, found on every continent except Antarctica.

<i>Kaveinga</i> Genus of beetles

Kaveinga is a genus of wrinkled bark beetles in the family Carabidae.

<i>Biphyllus</i> Genus of beetles

Biphyllus is a genus of beetles in the family Biphyllidae, containing the following species:

<i>Dysmerus</i> Genus of beetles

Dysmerus is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae. Restricted to the New World, until recently Dysmerus included only the type species, D. basalis, described from Florida in the late 19th century. A recent revision resurrected two incorrectly synonymized species and recognized an additional 12 new species, so that the genus currently contains 15 species.

Bactridium is a genus of root-eating beetles in the family Monotomidae. There are about 18 described species in Bactridium.

<i>Ancyronyx</i> Genus of beetles

Ancyronyx, commonly known as spider water beetles or spider riffle beetles, is a genus of aquatic riffle beetles from North America, South Asia, China, and Southeast Asia. They are small beetles with extremely long legs ending in strong claws. Both the adults and the larvae are found underwater in the shallow riffles of streams and rivers, clinging to rocks or submerged wood. They feed on algae and decaying wood tissue. The genus contains twenty-one species, eleven of which are endemic to the Philippines.

Paleopanax is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the Ginseng and Ivy family, Araliaceae, containing the single species Paleopanax oregonensis. The species is solely known from the middle Eocene sediments exposed in north central Oregon and was first described from a series of isolated fossil fruits in siltstones.

<i>Rhinolaemus</i> Genus of beetles

Rhinolaemus is a genus of beetles in the family Laemophloeidae. Until recently, the genus included only Rhinolaemus maculatus, known from a single specimen collected almost 100 years ago in Fiji. A recent revision, based on newer collections, resulted in the description of a new species from Niue Island, and transferral of a third species from Laemophloeus from Fiji and other island groups.

<i>Callipyrga turrita</i> Genus of beetles

Callipyrga turrita is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Callipyrga. It was described by Edward Newman in 1842 using a specimen obtained by Rupert Kirk at Woodside near Sydney. This species is endemic to coastal eastern Australia from Townsville in Queensland down to Glenmore in New South Wales. The adult beetles are attracted to light and have been collected on Geijera parviflora and Flindersia xanthoxyla.

<i>Chalcolampra</i> Genus of beetles

Chalcolampra is a genus of leaf beetles. These beetles are widespread from Southeast Asia to Australia and New Zealand, but most common in the southeast of Australia. There are approximately 25 Australian species within this genus. There are also 13 species described from New Zealand, with up to an additional 20 undescribed species from the South Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coccinelloidea</span> Superfamily of beetles

Coccinelloidea is a superfamily of beetles in the order Coleoptera, formerly included in the superfamily Cucujoidea. There are more than 10,000 species in Coccinelloidea, including more than 6000 in the lady beetle family Coccinellidae.

<i>Namunaria</i> Genus of beetles

Namunaria is a genus of cylindrical bark beetles in the family Zopheridae, first described by Edmund Reitter in 1882. There are at least two described species in Namunaria.

<i>Bothrideres</i> Genus of beetles

Bothrideres is a genus of dry bark beetles in the family Bothrideridae. There are about 13 described species in Bothrideres.

<i>Myrabolia</i> Genus of beetles

Myrabolia is the only genus in the beetle family Myraboliidae in the superfamily Cucujoidea. It has about 13 species, found in Australia. Adults and possibly larvae live under the bark of Eucalyptus trees.

References

  1. "Deretaphrus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Archived from the original on 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  2. "Browse Deretaphrus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  3. "Deretaphrus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  4. 1 2 "Deretaphrus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  5. Lord and McHugh, Abstract, p.1
  6. Newman, E. (1842). "List of insects collected at Port Philip, New South Wales, by Edmund Thomas Higgins, Esq". The Entomologist. 1 (25): 401–405. Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  7. Lord and McHugh, p. 6
  8. Lord and McHugh, p. 10
  9. 1 2 Lord and McHugh, pp. 11–12; where the planidium is referred to as a triungulin.
  10. Horn, G.H. (1872). "Descriptions of some new North America Coleoptera". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 4: 156. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  11. 1 2 Lord and McHugh, pp. 12–13
  12. Grouvelle, Ant. (1903). "Descriptions de Clavicornes de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Revue d'entomologie. 22: 184. Archived from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  13. Lord and McHugh, p. 21–22

Sources