Dhevalapally B. Ramachary | |
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Born | Thatikal, Nalgonda, India |
Nationality | Indian |
Alma mater | University of Hyderabad Indian Institute of Science The Scripps Research Institute |
Known for | Organic Chemistry, Organocatalysis, Supramolecular-organocatalysis, Asymmetric Catalysis, Click chemistry |
Awards | ♦ Fellow, National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad (2021) ♦ Fellow, Royal society of Chemistry, London (2020) ♦ Fellow, Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore (2019) ♦ Fellow, Telangana Academy of Sciences, Hyderabad (2016) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Chemistry |
Institutions | University of Hyderabad |
Thesis | Total synthesis of Sesquiterpenes containing three contiguous quarternary carbon atoms (2001) |
Doctoral advisor | Prof. Adusumilli Srikrishna |
Dhevalapally B. RamacharyFTAS, FRSC, FASc, FNASc, also known as D. B. Ramachary (born 1973), is an Indian chemist and professor at the School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad. He has made numerous contributions in various fields of chemical science.
D. B. Ramachary was born to Shri Ramalingaiahchary and Ramalingamma in 1973, at Thatikal village, Nakrekal mandal, Nalgonda district of Telangana. He did his early schooling at ZPHS schools at Thatikal and Nakrekal, and later joined for an under graduate BSc programme at Nagarjuna Government College (Autonomous) at Nalgonda (1991–1994). Later, he moved to School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad for pursuing MSc chemistry (1994–96), and then he obtained a PhD in synthetic organic chemistry under the guidance of Prof. A. Srikrishna at Indian Institute of Science in 1996–2001 for the total synthesis of sesquiterpenes. [1] [2]
Soon after his PhD in 2001, he moved to US as a Skaggs Postdoctoral Fellow and worked with Carlos F. Barbas III at Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, United States during 2002–2005 for the development of small molecular-catalysis. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Ramachary was lecturer (2005–2007), reader (2007–2010), associate professor (2010–2013), and at present he is a full professor of organic chemistry since 2013 at the Catalysis laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad. He has authored more than 100 research papers. [8]
In 2005, when Ramachary started his own research career at School of Chemistry, UoH, he showed interest towards discovering green reactions and catalysts. His laboratory mainly focused on the development of organocatalytic sequential one-pot reactions, asymmetric supramolecular catalysis and organocatalysis, development of multi-component and multi-catalysis cascade reactions, [9] and metal-free carbonyls based click chemistry. [10] [11] [12]
His laboratory discovered important reactions based on three-component reductive alkylation (TCRA) [13] [14] [15] [16] and push-pull dienamine (PPD) reactions. [17] [18] [19] [20] His research also focuses on the theoretical aspects of organocatalysis in finding out the suitable organocatalyst for stereoselective reactions using computational resources which helps in achieving better synthetic methodologies. Using this, his research group observed the electrostatic and dipole-dipole interactions in proline-catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization of pro-chiral ketones with nitrosobenzene. [21] He has also examined the trapping or stabilizing of king size pre- or post-transition states of asymmetric reactions by designing new tool ‘asymmetric supramolecular catalysis’ through which characterization of large-size supramolecular rings in the pre-transition state (pre-TS) of enol- or enamine-based Michael reactions for high asymmetric induction was reported. [22] [23] His contributions through original developed reactions were used by organic, medicinal, material chemists and these reactions became well-known organic reactions to be named after him. The reactions which are named after him are: 1) Ramachary Reductive Coupling Reaction, [24] 2) Ramachary-Bressy-Wang Cycloaddition, [25] 3) Ramachary Aminoenyne-catalysis, [26] [27] [28] [29] 4) Ramachary Base Induced Ring Opening (BIRO) Reaction, [30] [31] 5) Ramachary Azide-Carbonyl [3+2]-Cycloaddition. [32] [33] [34]
An enamine is an unsaturated compound derived by the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine. Enamines are versatile intermediates.
Enantioselective synthesis, also called asymmetric synthesis, is a form of chemical synthesis. It is defined by IUPAC as "a chemical reaction in which one or more new elements of chirality are formed in a substrate molecule and which produces the stereoisomeric products in unequal amounts."
In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor and a Michael acceptor to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon. It belongs to the larger class of conjugate additions and is widely used for the mild formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) is a synthetic strategy employed by chemists to make complex molecular and supramolecular assemblies from discrete molecular building blocks. DCvC has allowed access to complex assemblies such as covalent organic frameworks, molecular knots, polymers, and novel macrocycles. Not to be confused with dynamic combinatorial chemistry, DCvC concerns only covalent bonding interactions. As such, it only encompasses a subset of supramolecular chemistries.
Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based 1,3-dipoles, consisting of an iminium ion next to a carbanion. They are used in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions to form five-membered heterocycles, including pyrrolidines and pyrrolines. These reactions are highly stereo- and regioselective, and have the potential to form four new contiguous stereocenters. Azomethine ylides thus have high utility in total synthesis, and formation of chiral ligands and pharmaceuticals. Azomethine ylides can be generated from many sources, including aziridines, imines, and iminiums. They are often generated in situ, and immediately reacted with dipolarophiles.
In chemistry, transfer hydrogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a compound from a source other than molecular H2. It is applied in laboratory and industrial organic synthesis to saturate organic compounds and reduce ketones to alcohols, and imines to amines. It avoids the need for high-pressure molecular H2 used in conventional hydrogenation. Transfer hydrogenation usually occurs at mild temperature and pressure conditions using organic or organometallic catalysts, many of which are chiral, allowing efficient asymmetric synthesis. It uses hydrogen donor compounds such as formic acid, isopropanol or dihydroanthracene, dehydrogenating them to CO2, acetone, or anthracene respectively. Often, the donor molecules also function as solvents for the reaction. A large scale application of transfer hydrogenation is coal liquefaction using "donor solvents" such as tetralin.
In organic chemistry, organocatalysis is a form of catalysis in which the rate of a chemical reaction is increased by an organic catalyst. This "organocatalyst" consists of carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and other nonmetal elements found in organic compounds. Because of their similarity in composition and description, they are often mistaken as a misnomer for enzymes due to their comparable effects on reaction rates and forms of catalysis involved.
Sir David William Cross MacMillan is a Scottish chemist and the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry at Princeton University, where he was also the chair of the Department of Chemistry from 2010 to 2015. He shared the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Benjamin List "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis". MacMillan used his share of the $1.14 million prize to establish the May and Billy MacMillan Foundation.
The Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert and Barbas-List reactions in organic chemistry are a family of proline-catalysed asymmetric aldol reactions.
Asymmetric hydrogenation is a chemical reaction that adds two atoms of hydrogen to a target (substrate) molecule with three-dimensional spatial selectivity. Critically, this selectivity does not come from the target molecule itself, but from other reagents or catalysts present in the reaction. This allows spatial information to transfer from one molecule to the target, forming the product as a single enantiomer. The chiral information is most commonly contained in a catalyst and, in this case, the information in a single molecule of catalyst may be transferred to many substrate molecules, amplifying the amount of chiral information present. Similar processes occur in nature, where a chiral molecule like an enzyme can catalyse the introduction of a chiral centre to give a product as a single enantiomer, such as amino acids, that a cell needs to function. By imitating this process, chemists can generate many novel synthetic molecules that interact with biological systems in specific ways, leading to new pharmaceutical agents and agrochemicals. The importance of asymmetric hydrogenation in both academia and industry contributed to two of its pioneers — William Standish Knowles and Ryōji Noyori — being collectively awarded one half of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds. They are studied in academic research, but have not received widespread use otherwise. The dominant oxidation states for organogold compounds are I with coordination number 2 and a linear molecular geometry and III with CN = 4 and a square planar molecular geometry.
Within the area of organocatalysis, (thio)urea organocatalysis describes the use of ureas and thioureas to accelerate and stereochemically alter organic transformations. The effects arise through hydrogen-bonding interactions between the substrate and the (thio)urea. Unlike classical catalysts, these organocatalysts interact by non-covalent interactions, especially hydrogen bonding. The scope of these small-molecule H-bond donors termed (thio)urea organocatalysis covers both non-stereoselective and stereoselective reactions.
Zoltan George Hajos was a Hungarian-American organic chemist. Originally an academic in his native Budapest, then an industrial chemist in the pharmaceutical industry, he is known for the Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction.
Proline organocatalysis is the use of proline as an organocatalyst in organic chemistry. This theme is often considered the starting point for the area of organocatalysis, even though early discoveries went unappreciated. Modifications, such as MacMillan’s catalyst and Jorgensen's catalysts, proceed with excellent stereocontrol.
Photoredox catalysis is a branch of photochemistry that uses single-electron transfer. Photoredox catalysts are generally drawn from three classes of materials: transition-metal complexes, organic dyes, and semiconductors. While organic photoredox catalysts were dominant throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, soluble transition-metal complexes are more commonly used today.
Vinylcyclopropane [5+2] cycloaddition is a type of cycloaddition between a vinylcyclopropane (VCP) and an olefin or alkyne to form a seven-membered ring.
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Olga García Mancheño is an organic chemistry professor at the University of Münster in Germany. García Mancheño directs an organic chemistry research group at University of Münster that focuses on development of new catalytic methods with the goal of developing sustainable synthetic routes to accomplish carbon-hydrogen functionalization, organic chemical rearrangements, and photocatalyzed chemical reactions.